Week 5 Flashcards
What is a Neoplasm?
A new growth of tissue
What is the definition of benign?
A tissue or neoplasm that will not grow or metastasize
- Typically wont result in death
What is the definition of malignant?
A neoplasm or tissue growth that will grow and potentially metastasize
- Might/Will result in death
What is the definition of metastasize?
The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body.
What is a tumor?
A physical mass of cell
What is cancer?
A malignant neoplasm that can cause death
What is carcinoma?
- The most common type of cancer
- Starts in the epithelial tissue
What is Sarcoma?
A type of cancer that occurs in the bones, connective tissues, and muscle
In what bodily region do even benign tumors/neoplasms present a mortality risk?
CNS
If the tissue has a benign neoplasm, what suffix is added to the name?
-oma
If the tissue has a malignant neoplasm, what suffix is added to the name?
-sarcoma
When looking at cancer and its determinants, what are some factors to consider?
- It is primarily caused by damaged DNA
- Cancer/Neoplasms are living cells and need nutrients and a blood supply
- Cancer/Neoplasms take many years to grow and become detectable
- To go from benign to malignant is a slow process
- Malignant cells have a distinct appearance and behavior
- Malignant cells don’t metastasize (move) unless they invade lymphatic or blood vessel systems
- The immune system plays a huge role in preventing cancer.
What are the 3 most prevalent cancer types in males?
- Prostate
- Lung & Bronchus
- Colon & Rectum
What are the 3 most prevalent cancer types in females?
- Breast
- Lung & Bronchus
- Colon & Rectum
What cancer three types have the highest mortality rate in Males?
- Lung & Bronchus
- Prostate
- Colon & Rectum
What cancer three types have the highest mortality rate in Females?
- Lung and Bronchus
- Breast
- Colon & rectum
What are the causes of cancer?
- Sunlight (UV radiation)
- Inhalation carcinogens
- Liver carcinogens
- Excretory carcinogens
- HPV (Virus)
- Radiation
- Viruses
- Dietary carcinogens
- contact carcinogens
Big three (Viruses, Carcinogens, Radiation)
Which age group is at the highest risk for malignant cancer?
55-64 years of age
What are the warning signs for cancer?
CAUTION
- Change in bowel/bladder habits
- A sore that doesn’t heal
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
- Obvious change in a wart or mole
- Nagging cough or hoarseness
*Unintended weight loss, unremitting pain, night sweats, neurological changes/seizures*
What is a polyp & Papilloma?
A growth from epithelial surfaces
What does atypia refer to in cancer?
An abnormality in the cells of a tissue
What is hyperchromatism?
The development of excess chromatin or of excessive nuclear staining especially as a part of a pathological process
What is cell dyslasia?
the presence of abnormal cells within a tissue or organ
What are some examples of premalignant dysplasia?
- HPV infection of cervix
- Barrett metaplasia(change in cell type) of the esophagus from acid reflux
- Polyps of the colon