Diseases of the Respiratory System Flashcards
Where does O2/CO2 transfer take place in the lungs?
Cappilaries
What is the purpose of the respiratory mucosa?
To trap bacteria
Which type of pneumocyte is responsible for gas exchange?
Type 1 pneumocyte
Type 2 pneumocytes are responsible for what?
reducing surface tension by secreting a surfactant.
What are the factors to consider for respiratory disease?
- Diseases of one lung compartment often affect the others
- Lungs are open to the environment
- Most lung disease is caused by inhalation
- Lost pulmonary membrane is not recoverable
- Smoking bad
- lung disease usually impacts the heart and vice versa
What is atelectasis?
a collapsed lung
What causes a resorption atelectasis?
Obstruction of the bronchiole
What causes compression atelectasis?
External pressure from fluid or air
What causes contraction atelectasis?
Scars on the lung or pleura constriction
What are the diseases of the upper respiratory tract?
- Allergic rhinitis
- Colds
- Acute pharyngitis
- Carcinoma of the larynx
What is obstructive pulmonary disease?
- the disruption of normal airflow
- Exhaling is the primary portion impacted
- labored and wheezing
What is restrictive pulmonary disease?
- Stiff lungs
- pathologic interstitium
- Inflammation
- Idiopathic fibroses
What test is utilized to determine obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease?
Spirometry
What is forced vital capacity?
the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.
What is the norm for FVC?
4-6 L or more
