Week 4: The Infant

Question 1

why is this info important for the becoming nurse?

Answer 1

Unparalleled growth in the first year
* Physical Changes within the brain
* Adaptive and Primitive reflexes
* Milestones – What are potential benefits and challenges to having standardized development milestones of infancy?
* Sensory skills
-infant develops

Question 2

what are some consequences of colonialism?

Answer 2

Indiviual/Family/Community - Healthcare, Relationships, Racism, Geographic Location, Education, Culture and Language, Social Cultural (Family)

Question 3

What falls under Resiliency and Decolonization Social Culture

Answer 3

prenatal teaching
midwives
Ancestral teaching and ceremonial practices
Naming ceremonies
Walking out ceremonies
Ex. Moss bag, Baby swing

Question 4

what is attachment?

Answer 4

The emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant, from which the child derives security

Question 5

what is the attachment theory?

Answer 5

the view that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life and genetic characteristics of all human beings

Question 6

true or false: infants create internal models related to their relationships by age 5

Answer 6

true

Question 7

true of false: The majority of parents manage to respond to their infants in ways that foster the development of a close relationship

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what are some attachment behaviours?

Answer 8

Stranger anxiety
Separation anxiety
Social referencing

Question 9

what are some types of attachment?

Answer 9

Secure attachment – most common in every country
* Insecure attachment
* Avoidant attachment
* Ambivalent attachment
* Disorganized/disoriented attachment

Question 10

what are the five factors influencing secure attachment?

Answer 10

1. Emotional Responsiveness – parallel teachings
2. Tactile Responsiveness – parallel teachings
3. Contingent Responsiveness – parallel teachings
4. Marital Conflict
5. Mental Health

Question 11

what are some characteristics of securely attached children?

Answer 11

More sociable, positive in behaviour to siblings and
friends

• Less clinging and dependent on teachers
• Less aggressive and disruptive
• Empathetic and emotionally mature in school and outside the home

Question 12

What does it look like when loss of attachment happens on a much broader scale?

Answer 12

around the world the USA where children are being taken from their families when they cross the boarder, war ravaged countries

In the Past – During the Great Famine – orphans were sent to Canada, USA and Australia

• Large-scale prevention measures are required

Question 13

what are some ways to promote health?

Answer 13

Immunizations
Supporting breastfeeding - reduce risk fo ear and respiratory infections
Second hand smoke - can be worse than smoking
safe sleep

Question 14

true or false; the more an infant sleeps, the better sleep they get (the most effective for their well-being)

Answer 14

YES

Question 15

Select all that is true regarding Sleep - States of Consciousness

Cycle repeats itself every 2 hours

By 8 weeks some develop day/night routine and can sleep up to 2-3 hours

6 months - babies sleep about 13 hours and have defined sleep routines

Cultural beliefs do not play a role related to parents’ responses to sleep patterns

Central sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 15

all true except #4 - it DOES play a role

Question 16

cycle of an infant

Answer 16

Wakefulness fussy - feed - drowsy - deep sleep - lighter sleep - wakefulness fussy (just get the idea of the cycle)

Question 17

What is colic?

Answer 17

typically appears at 2-3 weeks and disappears around 3-4 months

Important to reassure parents that this is normal and self limiting with no long-term effects

Question 18

what should a infants crib look like?

Full of stuffed animals, blankets up to the neck, cozy pillow

empty crib with bed linens, baby swaddled

Answer 18

the second one

Question 19

what is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 19

Sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant under 1 years

Question 20

what are some ways parents should do to provide safe sleep environment for baby to prevent SIDS?

Answer 20

place baby on back
remove quilts, pillows, toys and duvets
only a fitted sheet
avoid laying baby on soft surface
for first six months - crib beside parent
AVOID BEDSHARING
smoke free environment pregnancy and post birth

Question 21

what relates to sexuality in terms of infant?

Answer 21

sexually Ill being factors
physiological
Psychological
Environmental
Maturational

Attitudes and behaviours of families play a big role in sexuality development – more in later childhood (they start to explore in later years)

Question 22

practice question:
The nurse completes an assessment of the child and notesthe following:

The child struggles to sit with support and continues to crumple onto their stomach. They can swipe at objects within sight but are unable to grasp them. During theassessment, the nurse notes thechild has an intact Moro reflex.

Highlight any information in thisparagraph that indicates a delay in normal development.

Answer 22

struggles to sit with support
continues to crumple onto their stomach
unable to grasp them (objects)

Question 23

The nurse recognizes that the moro reflex is a_____Option 1______ and can indicate that there could be a ____Option 2_____. It is also a concern that the child cannot sit up for a prolonged period of time which might indicate a _____Option 3______ delay

option 1:
Primitive reflex
Adaptive reflex
Locomotor reflex

option 2:
Neurological balance
Neurological imbalance
Psychosomatic imbalance

option 3:
Non-locomotor development
Locomotor development
Manipulative skills development

Answer 23

option 1: Primitive reflex
option 2: Neurological imbalance
option 3: Locomotor development

Question 24

what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 1 month?

Answer 24

Stepping reflex
Lifts head slightly; follows slowly moving objects with eyes
Holds object if placed in hand

Question 25

what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 2-3 months?

Answer 25

n/a
Lifts head up to 90-degree angle when lying on stomach
Begins to swipe at objects in sight

Question 26

what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 4-6 months?

Answer 26

Rolls over; sits with support; moves on hands and knees (“creeps”)

Holds head erect while in sitting position

Reaches for and grasps objects

Question 27

what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 7-9 months?

Answer 27

Sits without support; crawls
N/a
Transfers objects from one hand to the other

Question 28

what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 10-12 months?

Answer 28

Pulls self up and walks grasping furniture; then walks alone

Squats and stoops; plays patty cake

Shows some signs of hand preference; grasps a spoon across palm but has poor aim when moving food to mouth

Question 29

what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 13-18 months?

Answer 29

Walks backward, sideways; runs (14–20 mos.)

Rolls ball to adult; claps

Stacks two blocks; puts objects into small container and dumps them out

Question 30

what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 19-24 months?

Answer 30

Walks up and down stairs, two feet per step

Jumps with both feet off ground

Uses spoon to feed self; stacks 4 to 10 blocks

Question 31

what are some physical changes infants experience?

Answer 31

Babies grow 25 to 30 centimetres and triple their body weight in the first year of life.

Question 32

true or false: At birth, the midbrain and the medulla are the most fully developed. These two parts, both of which are in the lower part of the skull and connected to the spinal cord, regulate vital functions such as heartbeat and respiration, as well as attention, sleeping, waking, elimination, and movement of the head

Answer 32

true

Question 33

is this true? By contrast, those that govern motor movements are not fully myelinized until a child is about 6 years old.

Answer 33

yes