Week 4: The Infant Flashcards
why is this info important for the becoming nurse?
Unparalleled growth in the first year
* Physical Changes within the brain
* Adaptive and Primitive reflexes
* Milestones – What are potential benefits and challenges to having standardized development milestones of infancy?
* Sensory skills
-infant develops
what are some consequences of colonialism?
Indiviual/Family/Community - Healthcare, Relationships, Racism, Geographic Location, Education, Culture and Language, Social Cultural (Family)
What falls under Resiliency and Decolonization Social Culture
prenatal teaching
midwives
Ancestral teaching and ceremonial practices
Naming ceremonies
Walking out ceremonies
Ex. Moss bag, Baby swing
what is attachment?
The emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant, from which the child derives security
what is the attachment theory?
the view that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life and genetic characteristics of all human beings
true or false: infants create internal models related to their relationships by age 5
true
true of false: The majority of parents manage to respond to their infants in ways that foster the development of a close relationship
true
what are some attachment behaviours?
Stranger anxiety
Separation anxiety
Social referencing
what are some types of attachment?
Secure attachment – most common in every country
* Insecure attachment
* Avoidant attachment
* Ambivalent attachment
* Disorganized/disoriented attachment
what are the five factors influencing secure attachment?
- Emotional Responsiveness – parallel teachings
- Tactile Responsiveness – parallel teachings
- Contingent Responsiveness – parallel teachings
- Marital Conflict
- Mental Health
what are some characteristics of securely attached children?
More sociable, positive in behaviour to siblings and
friends
- Less clinging and dependent on teachers
- Less aggressive and disruptive
- Empathetic and emotionally mature in school and outside the home
What does it look like when loss of attachment happens on a much broader scale?
around the world the USA where children are being taken from their families when they cross the boarder, war ravaged countries
In the Past – During the Great Famine – orphans were sent to Canada, USA and Australia
- Large-scale prevention measures are required
what are some ways to promote health?
Immunizations
Supporting breastfeeding - reduce risk fo ear and respiratory infections
Second hand smoke - can be worse than smoking
safe sleep
true or false; the more an infant sleeps, the better sleep they get (the most effective for their well-being)
YES
Select all that is true regarding Sleep - States of Consciousness
Cycle repeats itself every 2 hours
By 8 weeks some develop day/night routine and can sleep up to 2-3 hours
6 months - babies sleep about 13 hours and have defined sleep routines
Cultural beliefs do not play a role related to parents’ responses to sleep patterns
Central sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea
all true except #4 - it DOES play a role
cycle of an infant
Wakefulness fussy - feed - drowsy - deep sleep - lighter sleep - wakefulness fussy (just get the idea of the cycle)
What is colic?
typically appears at 2-3 weeks and disappears around 3-4 months
Important to reassure parents that this is normal and self limiting with no long-term effects
what should a infants crib look like?
Full of stuffed animals, blankets up to the neck, cozy pillow
empty crib with bed linens, baby swaddled
the second one
what is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant under 1 years
what are some ways parents should do to provide safe sleep environment for baby to prevent SIDS?
place baby on back
remove quilts, pillows, toys and duvets
only a fitted sheet
avoid laying baby on soft surface
for first six months - crib beside parent
AVOID BEDSHARING
smoke free environment pregnancy and post birth
what relates to sexuality in terms of infant?
sexually Ill being factors
physiological
Psychological
Environmental
Maturational
Attitudes and behaviours of families play a big role in sexuality development – more in later childhood (they start to explore in later years)
practice question:
The nurse completes an assessment of the child and notesthe following:
The child struggles to sit with support and continues to crumple onto their stomach. They can swipe at objects within sight but are unable to grasp them. During theassessment, the nurse notes thechild has an intact Moro reflex.
Highlight any information in thisparagraph that indicates a delay in normal development.
struggles to sit with support
continues to crumple onto their stomach
unable to grasp them (objects)
The nurse recognizes that the moro reflex is a_____Option 1______ and can indicate that there could be a ____Option 2_____. It is also a concern that the child cannot sit up for a prolonged period of time which might indicate a _____Option 3______ delay
option 1:
Primitive reflex
Adaptive reflex
Locomotor reflex
option 2:
Neurological balance
Neurological imbalance
Psychosomatic imbalance
option 3:
Non-locomotor development
Locomotor development
Manipulative skills development
option 1: Primitive reflex
option 2: Neurological imbalance
option 3: Locomotor development
what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 1 month?
Stepping reflex
Lifts head slightly; follows slowly moving objects with eyes
Holds object if placed in hand
what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 2-3 months?
n/a
Lifts head up to 90-degree angle when lying on stomach
Begins to swipe at objects in sight
what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 4-6 months?
Rolls over; sits with support; moves on hands and knees (“creeps”)
Holds head erect while in sitting position
Reaches for and grasps objects
what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 7-9 months?
Sits without support; crawls
N/a
Transfers objects from one hand to the other
what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 10-12 months?
Pulls self up and walks grasping furniture; then walks alone
Squats and stoops; plays patty cake
Shows some signs of hand preference; grasps a spoon across palm but has poor aim when moving food to mouth
what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 13-18 months?
Walks backward, sideways; runs (14–20 mos.)
Rolls ball to adult; claps
Stacks two blocks; puts objects into small container and dumps them out
what locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative skills fall under 19-24 months?
Walks up and down stairs, two feet per step
Jumps with both feet off ground
Uses spoon to feed self; stacks 4 to 10 blocks
what are some physical changes infants experience?
Babies grow 25 to 30 centimetres and triple their body weight in the first year of life.
true or false: At birth, the midbrain and the medulla are the most fully developed. These two parts, both of which are in the lower part of the skull and connected to the spinal cord, regulate vital functions such as heartbeat and respiration, as well as attention, sleeping, waking, elimination, and movement of the head
true
is this true? By contrast, those that govern motor movements are not fully myelinized until a child is about 6 years old.
yes
