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NURS 2510: Human growth and development > week 12: Middle and late adulthood > Flashcards

week 12: Middle and late adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

reproductive system what does climacteric mean?

A

the years of middle or late adulthood in both men and women during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost

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2
Q

what is this describing ? : the years of middle or late adulthood in both men and women during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost

A

climacteric

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3
Q

define if these characteristics are true : male climacteric

  • Extremely gradual, with a slow loss of reproductive capacity
  • Quality of viable sperm declines slightly
  • Testes shrink gradually
  • Volume of seminal fluid declines
  • Incidence of erectile dysfunction
    increases
  • Lifestyle changes and medication can
    sometimes restore sexual function
A

all true

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4
Q

name some characteristics for female climacteric

A
  • Menopause - The cessation of monthly
    menstrual cycles in middle-aged women
  • Usually occurs when a woman is between
    her late 40s and early 50s​
  • Estrogen and progesterone which are
    high with menstruation begin to decrease with menopause
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5
Q

what is menopause

A
  • Menopause - The cessation of monthly
    menstrual cycles in middle-aged women
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6
Q

phases of menopause

A

premenopausal
perimenopausal
postmenopausal
menstrual hormone therapy

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7
Q

when does premenopausal usually occur ?

A

late 30’s early 40’s

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8
Q

name some characteristics for premenopausal

A
  • Estrogen levels begin to fluctuate and decline
  • Experience
    anovulatory cycles drop
    which causes progesterone to decline
    *period become irregular
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9
Q

when does perimenopausal usually occur ?

A

40-55 years of age

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10
Q

name some characteristics for perimenopausal

A
  • Extreme variations in periods
  • Hot flashes
  • Sleep deprivation
  • Mood swings
  • extreme variations in periods
  • transition phase
  • can last up to 6 years
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11
Q

When does postmenopausal usually occur

A

> 55 years

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12
Q

name characteristics that undergoes postmenopausal

A
  • No menstruation for 1 year
  • Both estrogen and progesterone drop to consistently low levels
  • Effect on tissues and genitals
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13
Q

menstrual hormone therapy
select all that applies

Sx management not prevention
Consider family hx
Pros
* Reduces mood swings
* Decreases bone loss of osteoporosis
Cons
* Increases rates of cancers
* Higher risks of
heart attacks & stroke

A

all true

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14
Q

health and promotion and wellness
true or false. No single variable affects the quality of life in middle and late adulthood as much as health

A

true

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15
Q

health promotion and wellness:
true or false. A middle-aged person in good health often functions as well and has as much energy as much younger adults

A

true

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16
Q

true or false. health and promotion and wellness
Mid-life is the era during which the poor health habits and risky behaviours of earlier years begin to catch up with us

A

true

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17
Q

health and promotion and wellness:
during middle adulthood, there is an increase in :
of what ?

A
  • During middle adulthood, there is an increase in:
  • Frequency of annoying aches and pains
  • The number who are unhappy with their bodies
  • Chronic diseases and disabilities​
  • Disease-related death
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18
Q

Health and promotion and wellness : physical activity can promote longevity, as well as the reverse

true or false.

A

true

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19
Q

how can you prevent osteoporosis?

A

preventing by doing activity ( mobility )

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20
Q

what is the scope of role of caregiver in middle adulthood

A

grown children
middle adulthood ( sandwich generation )
aging parents

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21
Q

what’s another meaning of sandwich generation

A

multigenerational caregivers

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22
Q

what does multigenerational mean ?

A

middle aged adults who are caring both for elderly parents and young children at the same time

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23
Q

what does sandwhich generation cause for caregiver?

A

burnout

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24
Q

true or false. This can also occur in sandwich generation where it’s extra expenses, absent from work more often, and reduced quality of life

A

true

25
Q

Empty Nest what does this mean?

A

older child ( or child ) leaving their parents

26
Q

define if this is a true or false statement regarding empty nest

Parents feelings about their children leaving home are shaped by ethnocultural values, relationship living arrangement, and financial circumstances, not about losing central role “ mother”

age when the last child is born and longevity together increase the likehood of experiencing the empty nest

A

true

27
Q

Does the role of a parent leave when the child leaves, and the content of the parental role is not different?

A

false, the role of parent does not cease when the child leaves, but the content of the parental role is quite different

28
Q

What is this describing :
adjustment period, could be related to divorce.
Leaves agains and move back in
older child, living at home and not moving or progressing

A

failure to launch and the revolving door

29
Q

Adult children may remain at home longer ( failure to launch ) or return after living elsewhere independently ( revolving door) would be the definition of failure to launch and the revolving door.

A

true

30
Q

true or false. does this fall under the category of failure to launch and revolving door?

studies show that conflicts between parents and resident adult children are common

A

true

31
Q

true or false. Financial difficulties associated with unemployment, extended post secondary schooling, delayed marriage, and a rise in the divorce rate probably explain an increase in young adults staying at home

A

true

32
Q

name the characteristics under friends during the middle adulthood

A
  • The social network of middle-aged adults is relatively small
  • Relationships are just as intimate as they were at earlier ages​
  • Associated with better psychological health and well-being​
33
Q

sexual activity and sexuality
middle adulthood : define if it’s true or false.
The great majority of middle-aged
adults does remain sexually active, although the desire to have and the frequency of sex declines

A

false, they do.

34
Q

what is the biopyschososcial view of middle adulthood:

A

chronic conditions and overall poorer health

sexual expectations and mental disorders

partner expectations

35
Q

what is the misconception when it comes to middle adulthood

A

increasing age- sexual desire diminsihes

36
Q

Sexual Activity and Sexuality: Late Adulthood

A

declines form middle adulthood to late adulthood for many reasons

*Decreasing testosterone in men
* The state of one’s overall health
* Medication side effects
* Stereotyping

37
Q

what is the biological changes with age in male and female ?( late adulthood)

A

Biological changes with Age
* SexualDysfunction–Male–Erectile Dysfunction
* SexualDysfunction–Female ( women dryness ) –> painful intercourse

38
Q

The role of the nurse - sexuality

A

assessment
* Assist and support the older adult’ sexual needs
* Complete a sexual history, sexual issues
* Discussion around sexuality and sexual dysfunction may be uncomfortable but it is still important to engage in

interventions and education

39
Q

what is the PLISSIT model ( role of the nurse- sexuality - middle adulthood)

A
  • P – Permission
  • LI – Limited Information
  • SS – Specific Suggestions
  • *IT – Intensive Therapy
40
Q

chronic diseases in middle and older adults are what ?

A

cancer and cardiovascular disease

41
Q

true or false cancer shares many risk factors with cardiovascular disease

A

true

42
Q

Chronic Diseases in Middle and Older Adults:
cancer: most risk factors can be controlled, at least partially

A

true

43
Q

dietary fat may be a risk factor for cancer but scientists continue to debate this

A

true

44
Q

several cancers are caused by infectious agents such as ?

A

HPV
Epstein Barrvirus , hep b , c and helicobacter pylori bacteria are linked with cancers

45
Q

cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular disease : atherosclerosis

A

narrowing of the arteries caused by deposits of a fatty substance called plaque

46
Q

define if these characteristics alined with cardiovascular disease :
* Modifiable and non-modifiable risks
* A large percentage of Canadians have CVD risk factors
* One-third of Canadians > 20 years old have three or more risk factors for CVD
* Can reduce life expectancy
* These risks are cumulative: more characteristics
= higher risk for CVD
* Hypertension is one of the strongest

A

true

47
Q

cannabis middle and late adulthood
what is the scope?

A

high risk adolescence and early adulthood

lowest risk middle adulthood

high risk late adulthood

48
Q

cannabis lowest risk usage
define if its true:
* Lack of time
* Work responsibilities
* Kids and their associated activities
* Busiest time in life with kids, work, caregiving and activities
* Of age and have the finances to purchase
* Education on storing cannabis

A

all true

49
Q

highest risk late adulthood for cannabis usage

  • Daily use or near daily use in this population (Williams et al., 2020)
  • Older adults has shown the greatest increase in rates of cannabis use (Williams et al., 2021)
  • Retirement – may not working
  • May have financial stability, excess of funds
  • Physical changes
  • Access and equity - dignity
  • Polypharmacy/comorbidities
  • Stigma
  • Considerations
  • Harm Reduction
  • Education on traveling with cannabis
  • Storing cannabis
A

all true

50
Q

Relationships/Partnerships
middle adulthood
marital stability and satisfaction increase in mid-life

A

true

51
Q

what does skilled diplomacy mean in middle adulthood

A

a problem solving approach that involves the confrontation of the spouse about an issue, followed by a period during which the confronting spouse works to restore harmony

52
Q

true or false. Skilled diplomacy appears to be an effective skill for marital problem solving no matter which spouse uses it in middle adulthood

A

true

53
Q

relationships/partnerships
late adulthood
marital satisfaction is higher in the late years

A

true

54
Q

Define if these characteristics are true amongst late adulthood

  • Higher levels of pleasure and lower levels of conflict are reported
  • Rates of remarriage are higher for older men, widowed or divorced, than for women
  • Married older adults have higher life satisfaction, better health, and lower rates of depression
A

all true

55
Q

Grandparenting/Family Relationships
middle adulthood
true or false

  • Almost half of Canadian adults become grandparents by the end of middle adulthood (age 65)
  • Grandparents seem to be an especially important source of stability in the lives of children of divorced parents
A

true

56
Q

what are the different grand parenting styles?

A
  • Companionate
  • Remote
  • Involved
57
Q

define if this is true or false. in grand parenting/family relationships during late adulthood
* Contacts with Adult Children
Interactions are social as well as functional
* Effects of Relationships with Adult Children
Good relationships and regular contact with adult children can add to an elderly adult’s quality of life, but are not necessary for it
Relationships with children involve
roles and expectations that may add stress to a senior’s life
* Grandchildren and Siblings
Interactions between grandchildren and grandparents are beneficial to both

A

all true

58
Q

life expectancy and longevity:
subgroups
define it

A

young old ( 60-75)
old-old ( 75-85)
oldest-old ( 85 and up)
(fastest growing group)

59
Q

true or false. Life expectancy and longevity :
the gender gap for life expectancy has been narrowing, with women expected to live only 4 years longer now

in adulthood the odds of dying increase exponentially each year

A

all true

NURS 2510: Human growth and development (11 decks)

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