Week 4 Sharma: Perio affect on Systemic Health Flashcards
What is focal infection?
Source of infection that affects other sites e.g. caries, periodontitis, abscess
How do microbes in dental plaque cause CT and bone destruction?
Microbes in dental plaque induces local and systemic inflammatory response. Immune reaction can also affect other systems, leading to systemic diseases.
What conditions is perio linked with?
- CHD- atherosclerosis
- Stroke
- Osteoporosis
- Preterm LBW baby
- Diabetes
- Lung infection
What are similarities between CVD and periodontal disease?
- Occur more commonly in populations that are older
- Predominantly affects males
- Use tobacco products at higher rates
- With higher stress levels
- Have fewer financial resources
- Are socially isolated
How is dental plaque linked to pneumonia?
Pneumonia causing bacteria in dental plaque is aspirated and can cause pneumonia
Does periodontitis cause CVD and stroke?
No- can’t be considered a cause but can be considered an additional risk factor
How do periodontal pathogens affect CVD?
Chronic bacterial challenge and proinflammatory cytokines from perio pathogens produce vascular effects such as hypercoagulability, atheroma formation and thromboembolism
How does periodontal infection contribute to ischaemic heart disease?
Inc in fibrinogen, WBC, Von Willebrand factor → Inc blood viscosity → ischaemic heart disease
How does periodontal infection contribute to atherosclerosis?
Bacteraemia of gram -ve LPS → endothelial damage, monocyte migration→ cytokine/growth factor production → atherosclerosis (vessel wall thickening)
What is the brief explanation for how dental plaque can lead to MI?
Bacteria from plaque enters blood stream and triggers inflammatory reactions within the body such as release of CRP from liver. This results in vessel hardening and atherosclerosis. MI can result if artery becomes blocked
How does diabetes lead to alveolar bone loss?
Diabetes → Inc RANKL, AGEs, ROS and inflammation enhanced PDL and osteoblast apoptosis, reduced bone formed, enhanced osteoclast production → alveolar bone loss
How does periodontal disease cause diabetes?
Gram -ve periodontal infection → inc insulin resistance → worse glycaemic control
How does perio tx impact diabetes?
Dec inflammation → improved insulin sensitivity → improved glycaemic control
What is the risk of perio with pregnancy?
- Pre term, low birth weight infants
- (<37 weeks, <2.5kg)
How is perio linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes?
- Bacteria and products in amnion → increase prostaglandins in amnion → preterm low birth weight babies