Week 4 (Muscular Disorders)

Question 1

Three types of muscle tissue:

Answer 1

Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac

Question 2

Myofiber

Answer 2

Muscle cell

Question 3

Connective tissue inside muscles

Answer 3

-Epimysium–Around the muscle
-Perimysium–Around the grouped fascicles
-Fascicles–Groups of muscle cells
-Endomysium–Around the muscle cells

Question 4

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 4

Uses oxygen to produce ATP.
Water and CO2 are byproducts

Question 5

Anaerobic metabolism (because your body has consumed oxygen faster than it can supply it)

Answer 5

Uses carbohydrates to produce ATP.
Byproduct: Lactic acid –> muscle pain.

Question 6

Muscle soreness is from…
How massage helps…

Answer 6

-Lactic acid buildup
-Calcium leakage
-Microscopic tears

-Move fresh oxygenated blood into sore areas
-Flush out old, stagnant interstitial fluid

Question 7

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 7

Genetic disorder. Causes muscle wasting. Starts in the extremities, ending in degeneration in the heart and breathing muscles.
Death by 20 years old.
Enlarged muscles as fiber is replaced w fat and connective tissue.

Underdeveloped muscles: Use resistance
Overdeveloped muscles: Massage
CI for circulatory massage if CV weakness

Question 8

Spasms and Cramps

Answer 8

Involuntary muscle contraction
Can happen to smooth or skeletal muscle.

Question 9

Spasms

Answer 9

Longer and less intense

Question 10

Cramp

Answer 10

Shorter and stronger

Question 11

Relief Techniques for Spasms and Cramps

Answer 11

1. Reset golgi tendon organs (press about 30 seconds)
2. Origin insertion technique. Parallel + X Fiber friction.
3. Push the two ends of the muscle together.
4. “Stick a fist in it”. Direct pressure to the belly.
5. Reciprocal inhibition.

Question 12

What causes spasms/cramps?

Answer 12

1. Nutrition: calcium, magnesium, potassium
2. Ischemia (muscles tighten in response to injury, which causes more ischemia)
3. Exercise
4. Dehydration
5. Electrolyte imbalance
6. Splinting
7. Abnormal neurological stimulation
8. Hyperthermia (ion pump malfunction–>electrolyte imbalance)

Question 13

Strain vs Sprain

Answer 13

sTrain - Tendon or muscle injury
sPrain - ligament and capsule of a joint (bone to bone)

Question 14

These words are not interchangeable

Answer 14

Ligament–Bone to bone
Tendon-Muscle to Bone

Spasm-Longer and lower grade
Cramp-Short and intense

Strain-Tendon + muscle injury
Sprain-Ligament and capsule injury

Question 15

Strain

Answer 15

Injury to tendon/muscle
Sometimes acute, but often from overuse/scar tissue

Massage is indicated

Question 16

Fibromyalgia

Answer 16

Generalized chronic soft tissue pain for a minimum of 3 months. Sleep is always disturbed. Sensitivity to cold.

Massage considerations:
-Be gentle, dont overstimulate nerves
-Avoid cold
-Aim for relaxation and improved circulation

Question 17

Torticolis

Answer 17

Cervical neck muscle spasm on one side.
Potential whiplash. Birth.

Massage indicated in subacute phase

Question 18

Low Back Pain

Answer 18

Muscle strains and imbalances
If persists more than 3 months, diagnosis of disc herniation, degenerative disc disease, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis possible.

Massage is helpful
Heat therapy