Final Exam Review

Question 1

Signs and Symptoms: Whiplash

Answer 1

Pain in normal ROM
Spasms
Weakness
Splinting
Trigger Points
Compensatory Systems
Sprains
Herniated discs
Misaligned vertebrae
TMJ damage
Headaches

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms: Baker’s Cyst

Answer 2

Synovial fluid leaks into popliteal. Children. Self-limiting.

Bulging, soft mass in popliteal fossa, unilateral.

Question 3

Signs and Symptoms: Frozen Shoulder

Answer 3

Adhesive Capsulitis
GH Joint tight, limited ROM
Self-limiting in 18 months
Most common in women ages 40-60

Pain and stiffness.
3 stages:
1. FREEZING. Pain. Voluntary ↓ ROM.
2. FROZEN. Adhesions = involuntary stiffness.
3. THAWING. Adhesions resolve.

Pattern in limited ROM:
1. External rotation
2 Abduction
3 Medial Rotation

Question 4

Signs and Symptoms: Spondylosis

Answer 4

OA of the spine.
Degenerative Joint Disease

Stiffness, pain, some spine swelling. Decreased ROM. Bone spurs, hypertrophy of spine.

Question 5

Signs and Symptoms: Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease

Answer 5

Inflammation where quad inserts on tibial tuberosity.
Overuse with growing leg bones = bone grows faster than the tendons.
Adolescent athletes. Boys. Hot painful and swollen.
Unilateral
Permanent Lump

Question 6

Signs and Symptoms: Osteoarthritis

Answer 6

No early warning signs
Less dense than normal bones for age
Increased risk of fracture
Generally in older clients
Lack of calcium absorption/calcium loss

Question 7

Signs and Symptoms: Sciatica

Answer 7

Mechanical compression of the sciatic nerve along its pathway–>irritation becomes permanent damage.
Pain possible anywhere from hip to big toe.
Unilateral, usually.
Nerve pain: tingling, numbing, burning, pins, electric, numbness, weakness.
No fix.

Pseudo-sciatica: similar, but it’s caused by compression by the piriformis muscle. “Fixed” when the mechanical problem is resolved.

Question 8

Fibromyalgia
Define
Signs and Symptoms
Massage Considerations

Answer 8

Generalized chronic muscle pain.
Sleep is always disturbed.
Sensitivity to cold.
Low pain tolerance.
Mostly women.
Stiffness after rest + low stamina
11/18 documented “tender points”

Dont use ice.
Indicated, for general wellness, stress relief, and circulation. Be gentle.

Question 9

Signs and Symptoms: Gout

Answer 9

High concentration of uric acid in blood precipitates as crystals into joints.
Painful, red, hot joints.
Common in big toe, elbow, wrist.

Question 10

Signs and Symptoms: Bunions

Answer 10

Hypertrophy of the Metatarsal phalangeal joint.
Large or small bump over joint medially. Inflammation. Big toe deviates laterally.

Question 11

Signs and Symptoms: Plantar Fascitis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the facia of the feet.
From the calcaneus to the metatarsals.
Painful bottoms of feet.
First thing in the morning.

Question 12

Signs and Symptoms: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Answer 12

Impingement of the serves exiting the brachial plexus.
Shooting pain, numbness, Weakness,
Parethesias possible.

Question 13

Signs and Symptoms: Septic Arthritis

Answer 13

Infection in a joint (staph or GC)
Pain, FEVER, redness, swelling.
In those with immune dysfunction.

Question 14

Osteoporosis
Define and Signs and Symptoms

Answer 14

Less dense bones than normal for age.
No early warning signs
Increased risk of fracture

Question 15

Define: Tenosynovitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the tenosynovial sheath.

Question 16

Define: Frozen Shoulder. Adhesive Capsulitis

Answer 16

Tightening of the GH Joint, decreases ROM
Self-limiting, 18 months

Question 17

Define: Cutaneous Pain

Answer 17

Pain on the skin from chemicals, irritants.
temp, chemical, mechanical

Question 18

Define: Spondylosis

Answer 18

OA of the spine. Degenerative joint disease

Question 19

Osteoarthritis

Answer 19

Wear and tear on the joints. Degenerative joint disease

Question 20

Temporal Mandibular Joint Disorder

Answer 20

Collection of disorders around TMJ joint.

Question 21

Strain vs Sprain

Answer 21

Strain-Injury to tendon/muscle
Sprain-injury to ligament

Question 22

Define: Dislocations

Answer 22

Displacement of joint beyond its normal articulation

Question 23

Define: Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Answer 23

Muscle’s inappropriate response to trauma; sets up spasm-pain cycle; disallows proper healing

Question 24

Define: Avascular Necrosis

Answer 24

“Without blood, it dies”. Death of bone tissue because of lack of blood supply.

Question 25

Define: Patella femoral syndrome

Answer 25

Improper tracking of the patella over the groove of the femur. Due to overuse, uneven muscluar contraction.

Question 26

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 26

Autoimmune. Synovial membrane of joints attacked.

Question 27

Define: Scoliosis

Answer 27

Lateral curve .of the spine. Can be structural or functional

Question 28

Define: Bursitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of the bursa.