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Pathology 1 > Week 2 (Healing, Inflammation, Pain) > Flashcards

Week 2 (Healing, Inflammation, Pain) Flashcards

1
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

Theorized that cell injury is the basis for all disease. Clinical pathology involves some type of dysfunction or failure at the cellular level.

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2
Q

Metabolism

A

Cellular activity. Interruptions to cellular metabolism have a cascading effect to surrounding cells and tissues….

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3
Q

Four types of tissue injury

A
  1. Neural
  2. Connective
  3. Epithelial
  4. Muscular
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4
Q

Types of tissue damage:

A
  1. Mechanical (fracture, bruise)
  2. Chemical (bleach, poison oak)
  3. Temperature (burn, frost bite)
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5
Q

Massage therapy is supportive to healing, but does not cure most conditions.

A
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6
Q

Massage can increase….

A

-local circulation
-flow of lymphatic fluids
-tissue temperature
-range of motion
-flexibility
-oxygen uptake in tissues
-cell permeability
-pain relief

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7
Q

Massage can decrease…

A

-nerve compression
-blood pressure
-anxiety + depression

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8
Q

Massage can improve…

A

-sleep
-digestion
-neuromuscular response
-muscle adhesions
-disc healing

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9
Q

Postoperative considerations

A

Depending on scope of injury, good to wait 6-8 weeks post surgery.
Many patients are on immunosuppressant drugs, which makes them more susceptible to illness.
Blood clots
Massage may improve scar tissue repair

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10
Q

Inflammation

A

Tissue response to threat of bodily injury or invasion

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11
Q

How does vasculature respond to injury/inflammation?

A
  1. Vasodilation + ^increased capillary permeability (^ blood flow + ^ leukocytes)
  2. It feels “SHARP”
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12
Q

SHARP

A

Swelling
Heat
A loss of function
Red
Pain

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13
Q

How de cells respond to injury/inflammation?

A
  1. Platelets form clots
  2. Platelets release chemicals…draw phagocytes to the area
  3. Clotting begins w fibrin to mesh –> repair
  4. Fibroblasts create collagen to repair damaged tissue
  5. Clots dissolve
  6. Scar tissue is strengthened and realigned
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14
Q

Stages of inflammation

A

Acute
Subacute
Chronic

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15
Q

Acute

A

0-48 Hours
Do not massage near site of injury.
Ice
PRICE

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16
Q

PRICE

A

Protect
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate

17
Q

Subacute

A

3 days - a few weeks
Do not massage locally
Use gentle PROM
Contrast hot/cold/hot/cold

18
Q

Chronic

A

3 months +
Tissues are less red. Colder. Because of reduced blood flow.
Can massage on site

19
Q

Things that affect healing (locally…)

A

-Type, size, location of wound
-Vascular supply to area
-Infection
-Movement in the area
-Exposure to UV light

20
Q

Things that affect healing (systemically…)

A

-Systemic infections
-Circulatory status
-Metabolic status
-Hormones (cortisol)
-Disease

21
Q

Arndt’s Law

A

Minimal stimulation creates maximum results

22
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

Every change in function of a bone is followed by changes in its architecture and external conformation (form is shaped by functions we do).

Ex: If you break a bone in your arm–>cast–>the muscle AND the bone atrophy. Bone needs tension to remodel.

23
Q

Law of Reciprocal Inhibition

A

When a muscle group is contracted, the opposite muscle group is relaxed:
Ex: bicep contracts, so triceps HAS to relax.

24
Q

Nocioceptors

A

-Nerve endings which sense pain
-Not in the brain, but are in the connective tissue that separate the sides of the brain (the falx)
-Produce reflex to pull away
-They dont adapt like other receptors. Prolonged stimulus ^ sensitivity to pain

25
Q

Noxious stimuli (pain) examples

A

Mechanical stress
Temp
Chemicals (like lactic acid)
Ischemia (lack of blood)
Muscle spasms (–>ischemia–>cell damage–>chemical release)

26
Q

Two nerve pathways that pain signals can travel on to the brain:

A
  1. A Fibers
  2. C Fibers
27
Q

A Fibers

A

-Fast
-Large diameter
-Rapid conductive velocity
-Reach the brain within 0.1 seconds
-Trigger bright, pricking, electric pain
-Very localized

28
Q

C Fibers

A

-Slow and smaller
-Located in deep organs
-Vague, inaccurate location
-Throbbing, chronic type pain
-Associated w tissue destruction

29
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

Fast fibers are stimulated via rubbing or touch, which “floods the gate”

30
Q

Types of pain

A

Acute
Chronic
Referred

31
Q

Acute Pain

A

May be new injury or an old flare up

32
Q

Chronic Pain

A

Persist more than 2-3 months despite “adequate” treatment

33
Q

Referred pain

A

Perceived to arise from an area other than its origin. Two types:
1. Visceral (organs) but felt on skin or joints
2. Myofascial in origin. Myofascial Pain Syndrome–produce predictable referred pain pattern to another muscle group.

34
Q

Clients’ Responses to Pain

A

-Fear and anxiety
-Depression
-Lack of sleep
-Can change a person’s identity

35
Q
A

Pathology 1 (10 decks)

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