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LPSCI flashcards > Week 4 - Genetics to phases of meiosis > Flashcards

Week 4 - Genetics to phases of meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

is the scientific study of hereditary and variation

A

GENETICS

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2
Q

is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

A

HEREDITY

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3
Q
  • are the units of heredity, and are made up of segments of DNA
  • are passed to the next generation
  • most DNA is packaged into chromosomes
  • one set of chromosome is inherited from each parent
A

GENES

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4
Q

each gene has a specific location called a _____ on a certain chromosome

A

LOCUS

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5
Q

one parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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6
Q

is a group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent

A

CLONE

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7
Q

two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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8
Q

human somatic cells have __ pairs of chromosomes

A

23

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9
Q

is an ordered display of the pairs of chromosome from a cell

A

KARYOTYPE

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10
Q

the two chromosomes in each pair are called __________ ___________ or homologs

A

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

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11
Q

chromosomes in a homologous pair are the ____ length and carry genes controlling the ____ inherited characteristics.

A

SAME

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12
Q

the sex chromosomes are called _ and _

A

X , Y

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13
Q

sex chromosome of human females

A

XX

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14
Q

sex chromosome of human males

A

XY

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15
Q

the 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex are called?

A

AUTOSOMES

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16
Q

contains a single set of chromosomes, and is haploid (n)

A

GAMETE

17
Q

for humans, the haploid number is ?

A

23

18
Q

in an unfertilized egg (ovum), the sex chromosome is always _?

A

X

19
Q

in a sperm cell, the sex chromosome may be either?

A

X or Y

20
Q

is the union of gametes

A

FERTILIZATION

21
Q

the fertilized egg is called a?

A

ZYGOTE

22
Q

the zygote produces somatic cells by _______ and develops into an adult.

A

MITOSIS

23
Q

in MEIOSIS I, what separates?

A

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

24
Q

in MEIOSIS II, what separates?

A

SISTER CHROMATID

25
Q

the sister chromatids are genetically identical and joined at the?

A

CENTROMERE

26
Q

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS?
- typically occupies more than 90% of the time in meiosis
- chromosomes begins to condense

A

PROPHASE I

27
Q

in ________, homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene

A

SYNAPSIS

28
Q

a structure that forms between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis, specifically in prophase I

A

SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX

29
Q

exhange of information of the homologous chromosomes

A

CHIASMA / CHIASMATA

30
Q

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS?
- tetrads line up at the metaphase plate, with one chromosome facing each pole
- homologous chromosomes lines up at the middle
- microtubules from one pole are attached to the kinetochore of one chromosome of each tetrad

A

METAPHASE I

31
Q

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS?
- pairs of homologous chromosomes separate
- one chromosome moves toward each pole, guided by the spindle apparatus
- sister chromatid remain attached at the centromer and move as one unit toward the pole

A

ANAPHASE I

32
Q

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS?
- each half of the cell has a haploid set of chromosomes; each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids
- cytokinesis happens simultaneously

A

TELOPHASE I AND CYTOKINESIS

33
Q

a phase of meiosis that is similar to mitosis

A

MEIOSIS II

34
Q

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS?
- spindle apparatus forms
- chromosomes (each still composed of two chromatids) move toward or makes it way to the metaphase plate

A

PROPHASE II

35
Q

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS?
- the sister chromatid are arranged at the metaphase plate
- because of the crossing-over in meiosis I, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome are no longer genetically identical

A

METAPHASE II

36
Q

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS?
- the sister chromatids separate
- the sister chromatids of each chromosome now move as two new individual chromosomes toward opposite poles

A

ANAPHASE II

37
Q

WHAT PHASE IN MEIOSIS?
- the chromosomes arrive at the opposite poles
- nuclei form and the chromosomes begin decondensing
- cytokinesis separates the cytoplasm
- at the end of this phase, there are 4 daughter cells, each with a haploid set of unreplicated chromosomes
- each daughter cell is genetically distinct from the others and the parent cell

A

TELOPHASE II AND CYTOKINESIS

38
Q

at anaphase I, it is __________ ___________, instead of sister chromatids that separate

A

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

39
Q

what are the unique events that happens in prophase I?

A

SYNAPSIS and CROSSING-OVER

LPSCI flashcards (9 decks)

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