General Science (ACAD1) Flashcards
The sequence of transfers of matter and energy in form of food from organism to organism.
Food chain
A relationship where one benefits but the animal getting benefited from is neither harmed nor benefiting
Commensalism
A relationship where an organism is benefitting from another organism, but the organism being benefitted from is being harmed.
Parasitism
A relationship where both organisms are benefitting from each other
Mutualism
Utilization of the same resources by organisms of the same or of different species living together in a community, when the resources are not sufficient to fill the needs of all organisms
Competition
Competition for resources between two different species is called
Interspecific competition
Competition for resources between two animals of the same species is called
Intraspecific competition
A reversal of the normal behaviour of temperature in the troposphere (the region of the atmosphere nearest Earth’s surface), in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air. This means the cool air is trapped under the layer of warm air.
Temperature inversion
A reversal of the normal behaviour of temperature in the troposphere (the region of the atmosphere nearest Earth’s surface), in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air. This means the cool air is trapped under the layer of warm air.
Temperature inversion
Types of chemical weathering
Reaction with water, oxygen, acid and organisms
What type of rocks will you most likely find fossil?
Sedimentary rocks such as shale
Coarse-grained igneous rocks that formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet.
Intrusive Igneous rocks
Form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies.
Igneous rocks
Types of rocks formed from deposits of pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organism that accumulate on the Earth’s surface.
Sedimentary rocks
were once igneous or sedimentary rocks, but have been changed (metamorphosed) as a result of intense heat and/or pressure within the Earth’s crust. They are crystalline and often have a “squashed” (foliated or banded) texture.
Metamorphic rocks
Fine grained, glassy igneous rocks that formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground.
Extrusive igneous rocks
Hardest in the Moh’s scale of hardness; Softest?
Diamond; Talc
Recite from 1-10 the Moh’s hardness scale
Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Fluorite, Apatite, Orthoclase, Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, Diamond
How a mineral reflects light
Luster
Color of powdered mineral
Streak
Ratio of mass and volume
Specific gravity
Number of flat planes when a mineral breaks
Cleavage
When a mineral breaks irregularly
Fracture
the process of movement and deformation of the earth’s crust that gives rise to large-scale features such as continents, ocean basins, and mountains.
Diastrophism
A planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements.
Fault
Diastrophic movements are gradual and might stretch for thousands of years while earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are sudden and short. True or False?
True
A theory that states that the planet Earth was the center of the universe and all of the other planets, stars, and the Sun revolved, or circled, around it.
Ptolemy theory
A theory that states that the sun is the center of the solar system
Copernicus theory
is the hypothesis that the Earth’s continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have “drifted” across the ocean bed.
Continental drift theory
Who made the continental drift theory
Alfred Wegener
The rock layer forming a boundary between the Earth’s crust and mantle
Mohorovicic discontinuity
These are transparent, wispy clouds that cover most or all of the sky. The best identifier for _________ clouds is a halo or ring of light surrounding the sun or moon.
Cirrostratus
Fairly common clouds that look like round white or gray patches in the sky.
Altocomulus clouds
These clouds form a white or gray layer that blankets the sky at mid-level. There are usually no patches of blue sky when these clouds appear, but the sun is often visible as a dimly lit disk behind the clouds (although no shadows appear on the ground).
Altostratus
These are much smaller than most other types of clouds, and they are sometimes called cloudlets. They are found at high altitudes and are made of ice crystals.
Cirrocumulus
Wispy clouds located high in the atmosphere are likely cirrus clouds. They are thin and white with lots of blue sky visible.
Cirrus clouds
Are the classic “thunderstorm clouds” and are large towering clouds that are often dark in color. Seeing them is a sign that a storm is likely on its way.
Cumulonimbus clouds
Fluffy, tall, often described as looking similar to cauliflower clouds that indicate a happy sunny day
Cumulus clouds
Form a thick, dark layer across the sky. They are often thick enough to blot out the sun. Like cumulonimbus clouds, they are associated with heavy precipitation, but, unlike cumulonimbus, you can’t pick out individual nimbostratus clouds.
Nimbostratus clouds
Somewhat similar to cumulus clouds but are flatter, thicker, and darker. There is less blue sky between the clouds, and the weather will appear more cloudy than sunny.
Stratocumulus clouds
Similar to fog (but on the horizon instead of on the ground), ____ clouds are a gray featureless layer of clouds that cover all or most of the sky.
Stratus
