Biology (ACAD1) Flashcards
Properties of water
- Water is a polar molecule because it contains oxygen which is a highly electronegative atom.
- Can form strong bonds because of its strong intermolecular force of attraction
- Versatile solvent
Which can be explained by the solvent properties of water?
A. Sodium chloride is transported as Na+ and Cl- in blood
B. Movement of water occurs under tension in the xylem
C. Water is the coolant in sweat
D. Ice floats on liquid water
A, hint: the rest are not about solution
Which of the following fatty acids has the lowest melting point?
A. CH3(CH2)10COOH
B. CH3(CH2)12COOH
C. CH3(CH2)14COOH
D. CH3(CH2)16COOH
A because it has the least atoms
Which of the following food items can we find the most amount of unsaturated fats?
A. Butter
B. Milkshake
C. Chocolates
D. Burger patty
C, because chocolates contain cocoa from the cacao plant. Unsaturated fats are predominantly found in plants.
Type of fatty acid that is solid at room temperature, has a straight structure and no double bond. Examples of these are beef, butter and coconut oil.
Saturated fat
Type of fatty acid that has one double bond in cis configuration, has a bent structure and is liquid at room temperature. Example is olive oil and peanut oil.
Monounsaturated fat
Type of fatty acid that has multiple double bonds, has an even more bent structure, and is liquid at room temp.
Polyunsaturated fats
The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by?
A. whether or not they contain any amino acids
B. the R groups of the amino acids they contain
C. the amino groups of the amino acids they contain
D. the carboxyl groups of the amino acids they contain
B
The alteration of the three dimensional structure of the protein is an effect of what?
Protein denaturation.
Heat, for example, can denature a protein. However, you cannot denature a protein through condensation. Example of this is when you fry an egg, the white parts turn opaque.
These are proteins that speed up chemical reaction.
Enzyme
All enzymes are proteins, but not all proteins are enzymes. True or false.
True
What is decreased when lactase is added?
A. Calcium
B. Sweetness
C. Disaccharides
D. Monosaccharides
C.
Disaccharides are Maltose, Sucrose and Lactose. The function of Lactase is to target lactose, therefore the answer is C.
Which variable has the least effect on enzyme activity?
A. temperature
B. Light intensity
C. pH
D. substrate concentration
B
- Temperature has major effect.
- Enzyme is sensitive to pH, for enzyme to be active, it must have a specific pH level
- As the concentration of substrate increases, the enzyme becomes saturated with substrate.
Single stranded nucleic acid. RNA or DNA?
RNA
DNA is double-stranded and antiparallel
Contains Thymine instead of Uracil.
DNA
RNA has cytosine, guanine, adenine and uracil.
DNA has cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine
Smallest unit of life
Cell
The cell theory states that all new cells come from preexisting cells, true or false?
True, it’s a principle of cell theory.
What happens to the surface area to volume ratio as a cell grows?
A. It decreases
B. It increases
C. It doubles
D. It does not change
A
Refer to this image for explanation: https://imgur.com/kgbtwfT
Which of the choices can differentiate plant, fungal and animal cells?
A. Cell wall
B. ribosomes
C. Cell membrane
D. All of the above
A
All cells have what?
Genetic material (DNA)
Cytoplasm (w/ ribosomes)
Cell membrane
Rough ER makes what
protein
Smooth ER makes what
Lipids
stores water and maintains turgor pressure in a plant cell.
central vacuole
Type of cell that has no nucleus present and no membrane-bound organelles within their cytoplasm. Example of this is Archae and Bacteria
Prokaryotes
A large, dynamic structure that serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria) . Example of this is Eukarya, such as algae, protozoa and etc.
Eukaryotes
a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.
Golgi apparatus
a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
Lysosomes
Which one has few small vacuoles instead of one large vacuole, plant or animal cell?
Animal cell
Which one has a cell wall, plant or animal cell.
Plant cell
Which one has rectangular shaped cell, plant or animal cell?
Plant cell
Which one has Lysosomes, plant or animal cell?
Animal cell
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
A. Nerve cell
B. Bacterial cell
C. Smooth muscle cell
D. Phagocytic white blood cell
D
phagocystosis is cell eating, and you’ll most likely see lysosomes in action
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
A. Nerve cell
B. Bacterial cell
C. Smooth muscle cell
D. Phagocytic white blood cell
D
phagocystosis is cell eating, and you’ll most likely see lysosomes in action
Which of the following organelles will probably be present at unusually high proportions in a cell from heart muscle?
A. Lysosome
B. golgi bodies
C. mitochondria
D. endoplasmic reticulum
C.
Heart needs continuous supply of energy so it won’t stop
Cell membrane is comprised of phospholipids which has?
hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails
