Genbio w1-2 Flashcards
the basic unit of life that do metabolic processes necesssary to live
Cell
interaction of different ecosystems
Biosphere
interaction between 2 or more organisms
Ecosystem
In 1665, _______ built a microscope and examined thin slices of cork cut with a penknife and called the little compartments cells, from the Latin “cellula” meaning “little room”
Robert Hooke
-Produced small lenses that could magnify objects to 300X their size.
-_________ became the first to observe living cells, including blood cells, sperm cells, bacteria and single celled organisms found in the pond water.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
What name did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek give for cells
animalcules
what does the word cellula mean
“little room”
-A hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter.
-Historical documents contain “recipes” for creating creatures such as : bees, frogs and mice.
-The “recipes” were based on observations.
*When the Nile river flooded, soon many frogs appeared in the mud.
*If damp rags were left in a pile of wheat grain, many mice appeared 21 days later.
Spontaneous Generation
-first to disagree with spontaneous generation (and proved it wrong)
Results from his experiment:
-when broth was heated and left the flask open: microbial growth
-when broth was heated and sealed: no bacterial growth
-when opened again: microbial growth
Lazzaro Spallanzani’s
-spontaneous generation believers did not believe Lazarro, stating that his setup was wrong because he removed oxygen, so another person challenged this belief
-used meat and gauze-covered container
Results from his experiment:
Open container: formation of maggots
Cork-sealed container: no maggots
Gauze-covered container: no maggots
no one believed him though
Francesco Redi’s Experiment
-Similar setup to Lazarro’s except microbial growth occurred in the heated sealed flask
-means that certain conditions are needed for abiogenesis to happen
John Needham
what was wrong with John Needham’s experiment
because the heat is not high enough to kill all the microorganisms
-officially disproved spontaneous generation
-used uniquely shaped flash, which was left open, but its curve prevents outside air from entering the flask
Louis Pasteur
found out in 1831 that every plant cell he looked at contained a rounded structure, which he called nucleus (Latin word for “kernel”)
Robert Brown
In 1838, came to importantly conclude that all plant tissues are composed of cells and that embryonic plant always arises from a single cell.
Matthias Schleiden
(1839) reported similar conclusions regarding animal tissues.
Theodor Schwann
Three principles of cell theory
- All organisms consist of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms.
- All cells arise only from pre-existing cells
(1855) concluded that cells arose only by the division of preexisting cells. (Latin phrase “omnis cellula e cellula”)
Rudolf Virchow
4 statements of Modern Cell theory
- The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
- All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.
- All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out inside the cells
- Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell
2 Types of cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
