DRRR Week 5-7 Flashcards
is the event /process /phenomena
Hazard
True or false, Every Typhoon is a disaster
False, not every Typhoon is a disaster
3 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS
Natural Hazards
Quasi -natural Hazards
Man-made/Human Induced
3 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS
- Natural Hazards
- Quasi -natural Hazards
- Man-made/Human Induced
are naturally occurring phenomena or processes
Natural Hazards
Are hazards that are outcomes of the interaction of natural phenomena and man-made activities
Quasi-natural Hazards
Hazards that result from human activities and actions
Man-made/Human Induced
OTHER CATEGORIES OF HAZARD
NATURAL HAZARDS
* Geologic
* Hydrometeorological
* Biological
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
are natural phenomena or processes that occur in the Earth’s crust.
Geologic
are atmospheric, hydrological and oceanographic natural processes or phenomena
Hydrometeorological
living things or substances from living things that can cause illnesses and diseases or any harm
Biological
are man-made hazards caused by technological, infrastructure,
or industrial
accidents or
failures
are man-made hazards caused by technological, infrastructure,
or industrial accidents or failures
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
are processes caused or induced by human activities or in combination
with natural hazards
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
TYPES OF HAZARDS
- Slow onset hazards
- Rapid or Sudden onset hazards
IMPACTS OF VARIOUS HAZARDS
- PHYSICAL IMPACT
- PSYCHOLOGICAL
- SOCIO-CULTURAL
- ECONOMIC
- ENVIRONMENTAL
- BIOLOGICAL
PPSEEB
DEATH AND INJURIES CASUALTIES OF PEOPLE AND DESTRUCTION OR DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES AND INFRASTRUCTURES
PHYSICAL IMPACT
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA, CHRONIC ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AND OTHER EMOTIONAL AND MENTAL DISORDERS
PSYCHOLOGICAL
MIGRATION, ALTERATION OF TRADITION SOCIAL STATUS, LOSS OF CULTURAL IDENTITY, ETHNIC CONFLICTS, SEXUAL ABUSE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE
SOCIO-CULTURAL
LOSS OF EMPLOYMENT, LIVELIHOOD AND PROPERT/LAND
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION, LOSS OF FORESTS AND NATURAL RIVERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
SPREAD OF EPIDEMIC DISEASES TO PEOPLE, FLORA, AND FAUNA
BIOLOGICAL
the sudden or rapid shaking of the ground due to the release of potential energy stored in the rocks
EARTHQUAKE
the service institute of DOST that is mandated to monitor and study disasters that may be caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other geotectonic phenomena
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (DOST-PHIVOLCS)
is the study of earthquake
Seismology
Studies earthquake and their seismic waves
Seismologist
is the instrument used to record seismic waves
-Seismograph
is the record of the ground shaking
Seismogram
is the place inside Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates
focus
the location directly above where the earthquake starts
epicenter
A fracture in the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust
Fault
As the distance from the focus and epicenter increases, the shaking of the ground decreases
wala basa lang
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EARTHQUAKE CAN BE DESCRIBED BY:
MAGNITUDE and INTENSITY
estimate of the amount of energy released at the focus or origin of the earthquake (Arabic numerals)
Magnitude
is used for the quantitative measure of the earthquake’s magnitude
Richter scale
refers to the degree of shaking or the severity of its effects on the earth’s surface.
Intensity
What are the Earthquake hazards? (5)
- Ground Shaking
- Ground Rupture
- Liquefaction
- Tsunami
- Fire
- Up down and lateral movement or vibration of the ground caused by the passage of body and surface seismic waves
- Buildings and other structures that can’t withstand ground shaking can have damages, can be destroyed or can collapse
- can cause landslide and liquefaction
Ground shaking
- The offset or deformation of the land surface due to movement of the fault
- this geologic phenomenon commonly happens in shallow earthquakes
- ground cracks
- structures present across fault zones can collapse
Ground rupture
- it happens when ground shaking due to moderate or intense earthquake results to the mixing or body of sediments (sand or soil) and ground water, and as a consequence, the ground becomes soft and could no longer support structures that will eventually sink or tilt
- it can lead to ground failure
Liquefaction
- means harbor waves in japanese, is a series of waves generated by an earthquake that occurs below or near ocean floor
- rapid, violent flooding in communities near coastal areas
Tsunami
are caused by gravitational force between the earth and the moon
tidal waves
the heightening of sea level that occurs during typhoons or hurricanes
Storm surge
is associared with broken gas pipes and damaged electrical lines because of damages caused by ground shaking to buildings and other infrastructures
Fire
TYPES OF TSUNAMI
Local and Far field or Distant
tsunami generated within a hundred kilometers from the source and is confined to coasts. Caused by earthquakes, landslides or a pyroclastic flow
Local
tsunami waves that can travel from 1 to 24 hours before reaching the coastlines of the nearby countries
Far field or Distant
Signs of an Impending Tsunami
1.** If earthquake occurs** in the coastal region and it originated from the oceanic crust, a possible tsunami can take place
2. Rapid fall in sea level may happen as the ocean water withdraws from the coastline
3. Unusual** roaring sound** which can be an approaching tsunami
A map that shows areas that area vulnerable or at risk to a specific hazard.
HAZARD MAP
There is a separate map for each kind of hazard.
basa lang
Example is flood hazard map
USES OF HAZARD MAP
- Are basis for risk reduction and hazard protection measures
- Give significant information for emergency planning
- Show potential risk to the communities, which raises their awareness and readiness
It is a vent, hill or mountain from which hot and molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials have been ejected
VOLCANO
is molten or hot liquid rock in the Earth’s mantle
MAGMA
magma or molten rock that reached the Earth’s surface
LAVA
VOLCANO HAZARDS (6)
- Lava flows
- Pyroclastic fall
- Pyroclastic flow
- Lahar
- Volcanic gases
- Ballistic projectiles
are rivers of incandescent molten rock or lava that erupted from a crater or fissure and moves downslope or away from an eruption vent.
Lava flow
- is the least viscous that can flow up to tens of kilometers from the erupting vent
- 1000 - 2000 degrees Celsius
Basaltic Lava
- it is moderately viscous,it can flow a few kilometers per hour
- 800 - 1000 degrees Celsius
Andesitic Lava
- most viscous and forms a lava dome as it flows at the slope ofthe ground
- 650 - 800 degrees Celsius
Ryolitic Lava
occurs when pyroclastic fragments of rocks or tephra are ejected in a great distance and propelled through the atmosphere
Pyroclastic Fall
is a mixture of pyroclastic fragments, specifically how lava blocks, pumice
and ash, and hot volcanic gases
Pyroclastic Flow
it is a mudflow or debris flow, a mixture of pyroclastic materials and water
Lahar
are gases that are released to the atmosphere during eruptions includes water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride.
Volcanic Gases
