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NSG 101 > Week 4 Circulation > Flashcards

Week 4 Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What does the right side of the heart receive blood from?

A

The brain, neck, trunk, and legs via the superior and inferior vena cava.

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2
Q

What happens in right-sided heart failure?

A

Blood cannot leave the right side of the heart and backs up into the neck and limbs, causing jugular vein distention and edema.

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3
Q

What does the left side of the heart receive blood from?

A

The lungs after being oxygenated.

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4
Q

What is preload?

A

Volume coming into the heart.

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5
Q

What is afterload?

A

Resistance in the left ventricle that must be overcome to circulate oxygenated blood.

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6
Q

What does contractility refer to?

A

The strength of the squeeze of the heart.

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7
Q

How does an irregular heart rhythm affect oxygenation?

A

It can impair the heart’s ability to effectively pump oxygenated blood.

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8
Q

What are the factors affecting circulation/perfusion in infants?

A

Premature birth and valves not functioning appropriately.

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9
Q

What dietary issues affect preschool and school-age children?

A

Diets high in fat and salt, fast food, processed foods, and obesity.

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10
Q

What lifestyle factors affect adolescents’ cardiovascular health?

A

Tobacco use, vaping, obesity, high-fat diets, substance abuse, and eating disorders.

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11
Q

What changes occur in older adults that affect cardiovascular health?

A

Cardiac muscles lose contractile strength and peripheral vessels become less elastic, increasing the risk of orthostatic hypotension.

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12
Q

What is the effect of stress on the cardiovascular system?

A

Increased heart rate, contractility, and vasoconstriction, raising the risk for blood clots.

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13
Q

How does altitude affect oxygenation?

A

Low atmospheric pressure can cause shortness of air.

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14
Q

What is induced hypothermia used for?

A

Patients suffering from sudden cardiac death and during prolonged vascular procedures.

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15
Q

What effect does obesity have on the heart?

A

Increased workload on the heart and less space for lungs to inflate and deflate.

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16
Q

What are beta-adrenergic blockers used for?

A

To block norepinephrine and epinephrine, reducing the workload of the heart and oxygen consumption.

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17
Q

What are ACE inhibitors classified as?

A

Vasodilators.

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18
Q

What is the expected ejection fraction (EF) for a healthy heart?

A

Greater than 55%.

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19
Q

What is cardiomyopathy?

A

An enlarged heart, often unknown cause, focusing on symptom management.

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20
Q

What is the leading cause of cardiac ischemia?

A

Coronary artery disease (CAD).

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21
Q

What are the two types of angina?

A
  • Stable angina * Unstable angina
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22
Q

What is the cardinal symptom of cardiac ischemia?

A

Chest pain.

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23
Q

What labs are associated with cardiac monitoring?

A
  • Troponin * CK-MB or CPK * Myoglobin * BNP * Potassium * Magnesium * Calcium
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24
Q

What is the most deadly heart rhythm?

A

Ventricular fibrillation (VFib).

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25
Q

What is peripheral artery disease?

A

A buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) on artery walls, reducing blood flow.

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26
Q

What are treatments for peripheral vascular diseases?

A
  • Quit smoking * Medications to prevent blood clots * Elevating feet * Wearing compression socks * Exercises
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27
Q

What is the purpose of diuretics?

A

To remove sodium and water from the body, reducing the volume of circulating blood.

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28
Q

What can digoxin toxicity affect?

A

The heart’s pumping action.

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29
Q

What is the role of anticoagulant therapy?

A

To prevent blood clot formation.

30
Q

What does a thready pulse indicate?

A

Weak circulation.

31
Q

What is claudication?

A

Pain in the lower extremities due to inadequate blood flow.

32
Q

Where gas exchange occurs?

A

Alveoli

33
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The movement of air into and out of the lungs while breathing

34
Q

What is respiration?

A

The exchange of gases in the lungs

35
Q

What affects ventilation?

A

Hyperventilating vs hypoventlating
Lung elasticity
Hypoxemia
Hypoxia

36
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Collapsed lung

37
Q

What are factors affecting respirations?

A

Pleural effusion
Collapsed lung
Asthma
Damaged alveoli

38
Q

What does arterial blood gas do?

A

Measure oxygen leaving the heart

39
Q

If a patient has heart failure what lab will they need?

A

ECHO, BNP LAB AND EJECTION FRACTURE

40
Q

Normal hemoglobin amount in healthy adults?

A

80~100. 92% in healthy adults

41
Q

If the client is hyperventilating would Co2 be higher or lower?

A

Lower, give brown bag

42
Q

If a client is hypoventating, would co2 be higher or lower?

A

Higher

43
Q

What are the lung sounds associated with asthma? Exam

A

Wheezing

44
Q

How to prevent vent pneumonia

A

Oral care
Raise bed
* check slide

45
Q

Suction no longer than 15 seconds

A
46
Q

Suction no longer than 15 seconds

A
47
Q

precautions associated with TB? Signs and symptoms of TB?

A
48
Q

What is a leaky heart valve called?

A

Regurgitation

49
Q

What is stenosis?

A

a narrow valve

50
Q

Left side heart failure-

A

Wet lungs crackles

51
Q

Right side heart failure

A

I’ve and edmema

52
Q

Problem with heart failure

A

Contractility

53
Q

When do you shock? Do cpr?

A

Asystolie ~ cpr only
Vfib- shock, deadly
Vtach- shock
A fib- shock

54
Q

If ejection fraction is lower than 55% what happens.

A

Heart transplant

55
Q

Aspirin does what?

A

Prevent blood clots know as ASA shorthand

56
Q

Beta adrenergic blockers block what?

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine which lower BP. End in LOL

57
Q

Vasodilators end in what ?

A

PRIL. They increase dialating vessels reduce workload of heart

58
Q

Ace inhibitors are what?

A

Vasodilators

59
Q

Calcium channel blockers end in what?

A

PINE. They block the flow of calcium
Slow heart rate

60
Q

What is ejection fraction?

A

Percent of blood the heart can pump out of the heart from left ventricle to whole body

61
Q

What is cardiomyopathy’s?

A

Large heart

62
Q

Right sided heart failure symptoms exam

A

Fatigue
Venous pressure
As cities
Enlarged liver and spleen
Weight gain*
Distended jug vein*
Dependent edmena*

63
Q

Left sided heart failure give what meds?

A

Diuretics

64
Q

Left sided heart failure s/s

A

Cough
Crackles
Wheezes
Blood sputum
Tachypena

65
Q

Treatment for MI cardiac ischemia?

A

MONA

Morphine
OXYGEN
NITROGLYCERIN
ASPRIN

66
Q

Leading cause of cardiac ischemia?

A

Coronary artery disease

Labs for cad? Cholesterol and lipid panel give stain for treatment

Plaque buildup in vessels comes from diet and genetics

67
Q

What med relieves stable angina?

A

Nitroglycerin don’t take with viagra

68
Q

Unstable angina is a

A

Heart attack

69
Q

What labs are checked with heart failure

A

Troponin
Bnp
Potassium
Mag
Calcium
Cpk

70
Q

Give what meds with a thrombus

A

Give anti coag meds
Heparin
Warfarin
Apixaban
Dabigatran

Give no vitiam k, no dark greens meds have a theoretic range

71
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Remove water and sodium from body

Lasix furosemide check for possium loss

72
Q

Digoxin is what?

A

Positive inotropic agent~ reduces contraction used for heart failure
Nurse note problem of halos
Toxic watch therapeutic range

NSG 101 (9 decks)

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