Week 3 Exam 1 Med Admin

Question 1

How nurses prevent errors…legal considerations.

What does KBN use for KY?

Answer 1

KASPER system

-tracks scheduled drugs and is a reporting sysmten

Question 2

What does the FDA do?

Answer 2

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulates the testing, manufacture, and sale of all medications.

Question 3

The RN is most often the LAST LINE OF DEFENSE for medication administration. It is the RN’s role to do no harm! Nurses can be criminally prosecuted for errors.

Question 4

What does STAT mean on a prescription?

Answer 4

STAT is for a single dose to be given now.

Question 5

What is a single dose?

Answer 5

Single is a one-time dose to be given at a specific time.

Question 6

What is a standing order?

Answer 6

Standing prescriptions are used when a unit has a standard population of patients in which a certain medication or set of medications typically treat that disease process or set of symptoms.

Question 7

What does PRN mean?

Answer 7

PRN means “as needed”.

Question 8

Types of prescriptions

Answer 8

-Written
-electronic
-verbal
-phone Verb and phone must “ repeat back” so no med error

Question 9

Know pharm abbrev

Answer 9

Slide 11

Question 10

Goal of medication reconciliation? Might be a SATA

Answer 10

Prevent error and maintain patient safety.

When is a MR done? Transitions in care include changes in setting, service, practitioner, or level of care.
change of floor/add provider/discharge/admission

Question 11

Drug names. what is a generic name?

Answer 11

Generic (nonproprietary) name is assigned by the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council when the developing manufacturer is ready to market the drug. This is usually similar to the chemical name but in a simpler form. This is what NCLEX uses.

Question 12

What is a brand name of medication?

Answer 12

Brand (trade or proprietary) name is what the drug is sold as in stores.

Question 13

What is OTC meds?

Answer 13

Over the counter meds, no prescription required.

Question 14

Controlled drugs

Answer 14

Only prescribers with a national provider identification number have the authority to prescribe controlled substances.
Controlled substances must be double locked—stored in locked drawers within a second locked area.
The facility must keep a record of every dose administered. A count of all controlled substances is performed at specified times, usually at change of shift.
To facilitate counting and tracking inventory, drug manufacturers package many narcotics in sectioned containers, with each tablet separately and consecutively numbered.
Controlled medications that are not administered and unopened must be returned. If they are opened, they must be wasted. Both require a witness.

Question 15

Define pharmacokintics

Answer 15

How the body delivers the drug.

Absorption
Distrubution in the bloodstream
Metabolism in the liver
excretion in the kidneys

Question 16

Where does metabolism happen when you take a drug?

Answer 16

Liver

Question 17

What organ excretes medications?

Answer 17

Kidneys

Question 18

Pharmacokinetics- abortion is what?

Answer 18

Absorption refers to the movement of the drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream

Question 19

What is the fastest route of absorption?

Answer 19

IV

Question 20

There are oral meds such as…

Answer 20

capsule
tablet
pill
syrup
spirit
elixir
time release
enteric coated

syrup
powder
solution
suspension

Question 21

Enternal Meds are what?

Answer 21

The drug is given directly into the stomach or intestine (e.g., through a nasogastric [NG] or gastrostomy tube).

Advantage: Swallowing impairment
Disadvantage: Not all meds can be crushed
NG tube itself presents some risk of aspiration

Question 22

What are sublingual drugs?

Answer 22

The drug is held under the tongue and absorbed across the sublingual mucous membrane.

Question 23

What are Buccal drugs?

Answer 23

Medication is held against the mucous membrane of cheek until it dissolves.

Question 24

What are topical drugs?

Answer 24

Skin - The drug acts locally or is absorbed directly through skin.

Question 25

What are instillation drugs?

Answer 25

Instillations - The drug is placed into a body cavity.
Solutions, suppositories, jellies, creams.

Question 26

What is inhalation?

Answer 26

A device (e.g., nebulizer, face mask) breaks the drug into finely dispersed particles, which are breathed into the respiratory passages

Question 27

What are parental drugs?

Answer 27

IV
IM
SQ
ID
Intraspinal/Epidural

Question 28

Advantage/disadvange of parentaldrugs?

Answer 28

advatage: quick
disadvantage: cost, may cause reaction

Question 29

Pharmacokinetics, what is distribution?

Answer 29

Transportation in body fluids (usually blood) to various tissues and organs.

Question 30

Pharmacokinetics, What is metabolism?

Answer 30

Takes place mainly in the liver

Question 31

What is first pass effect?

Answer 31

First-Pass effect – inactivation of pharmacological effect by the liver.

Oral medication are absorbed from the GI tract and circulate through the liver before they reach the systemic circulation. Many are completely inactivated when passing through the liver. This is why you may see higher concentrations of oral than parental medications.

Question 32

What is exertion in pharmacokinetics?

Answer 32

Excretion -A drug continues to act in the body until it is excreted. For this to occur, drug molecules must be removed from their sites of action an eliminated from the body.

Question 33

What is onset, peak, and duration of action? (Medication)

Answer 33

Onset of action—The time needed for drug concentration to reach a high enough blood level for its effects to appear. This is the minimum effective concentration.
Peak action—When the concentration of medication is highest in the blood.
Duration of action—That period of time in which the medication has a pharmacological effect (before it is metabolized and excreted).

Above peak leave- toxic

Question 34

What is therapeutic range?

Answer 34

from onset to duration.

Question 35

What is peak and trough valves?

Answer 35

Peak- highest level of med in blood
Trough-lowest level in blood

Question 36

What is biological half life?

Answer 36

amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated