Week 3 Exam 1 Med Admin Flashcards
How nurses prevent errors…legal considerations.
What does KBN use for KY?
KASPER system
-tracks scheduled drugs and is a reporting sysmten
What does the FDA do?
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulates the testing, manufacture, and sale of all medications.
The RN is most often the LAST LINE OF DEFENSE for medication administration. It is the RN’s role to do no harm! Nurses can be criminally prosecuted for errors.
What does STAT mean on a prescription?
STAT is for a single dose to be given now.
What is a single dose?
Single is a one-time dose to be given at a specific time.
What is a standing order?
Standing prescriptions are used when a unit has a standard population of patients in which a certain medication or set of medications typically treat that disease process or set of symptoms.
What does PRN mean?
PRN means “as needed”.
Types of prescriptions
-Written
-electronic
-verbal
-phone Verb and phone must “ repeat back” so no med error
Know pharm abbrev
Slide 11
Goal of medication reconciliation? Might be a SATA
Prevent error and maintain patient safety.
When is a MR done? Transitions in care include changes in setting, service, practitioner, or level of care.
change of floor/add provider/discharge/admission
Drug names. what is a generic name?
Generic (nonproprietary) name is assigned by the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council when the developing manufacturer is ready to market the drug. This is usually similar to the chemical name but in a simpler form. This is what NCLEX uses.
What is a brand name of medication?
Brand (trade or proprietary) name is what the drug is sold as in stores.
What is OTC meds?
Over the counter meds, no prescription required.
Controlled drugs
Only prescribers with a national provider identification number have the authority to prescribe controlled substances.
Controlled substances must be double locked—stored in locked drawers within a second locked area.
The facility must keep a record of every dose administered. A count of all controlled substances is performed at specified times, usually at change of shift.
To facilitate counting and tracking inventory, drug manufacturers package many narcotics in sectioned containers, with each tablet separately and consecutively numbered.
Controlled medications that are not administered and unopened must be returned. If they are opened, they must be wasted. Both require a witness.
Define pharmacokintics
How the body delivers the drug.
Absorption
Distrubution in the bloodstream
Metabolism in the liver
excretion in the kidneys
Where does metabolism happen when you take a drug?
Liver
What organ excretes medications?
Kidneys
Pharmacokinetics- absorption is what?
Absorption refers to the movement of the drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream
What is the fastest route of absorption?
IV
There are oral meds such as…
capsule
tablet
pill
syrup
spirit
elixir
time release
enteric coated
syrup
powder
solution
suspension
Enternal Meds are what?
The drug is given directly into the stomach or intestine (e.g., through a nasogastric [NG] or gastrostomy tube).
Advantage: Swallowing impairment
Disadvantage: Not all meds can be crushed
NG tube itself presents some risk of aspiration
What are sublingual drugs?
The drug is held under the tongue and absorbed across the sublingual mucous membrane.
What are Buccal drugs?
Medication is held against the mucous membrane of cheek until it dissolves.
What are topical drugs?
Skin - The drug acts locally or is absorbed directly through skin.
What are instillation drugs?
Instillations - The drug is placed into a body cavity.
Solutions, suppositories, jellies, creams.
What is inhalation?
A device (e.g., nebulizer, face mask) breaks the drug into finely dispersed particles, which are breathed into the respiratory passages
What are parental drugs?
IV
IM
SQ
ID
Intraspinal/Epidural
Advantage/disadvange of parentaldrugs?
advatage: quick
disadvantage: cost, may cause reaction
Pharmacokinetics, what is distribution?
Transportation in body fluids (usually blood) to various tissues and organs.
Pharmacokinetics, What is metabolism?
Takes place mainly in the liver
What is first pass effect?
First-Pass effect – inactivation of pharmacological effect by the liver.
Oral medication are absorbed from the GI tract and circulate through the liver before they reach the systemic circulation. Many are completely inactivated when passing through the liver. This is why you may see higher concentrations of oral than parental medications.
What is exertion in pharmacokinetics?
Excretion -A drug continues to act in the body until it is excreted. For this to occur, drug molecules must be removed from their sites of action an eliminated from the body.
What is onset, peak, and duration of action? (Medication)
Onset of action—The time needed for drug concentration to reach a high enough blood level for its effects to appear. This is the minimum effective concentration.
Peak action—When the concentration of medication is highest in the blood.
Duration of action—That period of time in which the medication has a pharmacological effect (before it is metabolized and excreted).
Above peak leave- toxic
What is therapeutic range?
from onset to duration.
What is peak and trough valves?
Peak- highest level of med in blood
Trough-lowest level in blood
What is biological half life?
amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated
