Week 4: Cell Division

Question 1

What is the process of mitosis?

Answer 1

Division of somatic cells

Question 2

What is the process of meiosis?

Answer 2

Division of germ cells to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells)

Question 3

How many phases can mitosis be divided into?

Answer 3

Six phases

Question 4

What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Answer 4

Chromosomes condense, DNA has already replicated, bipolar spindle develops

Question 5

What happens during prometaphase of mitosis?

Answer 5

Nuclear envelope dissolves, two sister chromatids are seen, chromosomes begin to move

Question 6

What occurs during metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 6

Chromosomes fully condensed, chromosomes locate at metaphase plate

Question 7

What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 7

Centromeres split, two chromatids are pulled to opposite poles

Question 8

What is the outcome of telophase in mitosis?

Answer 8

Chromosomes reach poles, start to decondense, nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm starts to split

Question 9

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 9

Dividing of the cell to give two daughter cells, starts in anaphase and continues through telophase

Question 10

What is interphase in the context of mitosis?

Answer 10

Stage of non-dividing cells, nuclear envelope intact, no chromosomes visible

Question 11

What drives the separation of sister chromatids during mitosis?

Answer 11

The mitotic spindle, which consists of microtubules

Question 12

What are the two main types of motor proteins involved in mitosis?

Answer 12

• Kinesins
• Dynein

Question 13

What is the diploid number in somatic cells maintained by mitosis?

Answer 13

Diploid number (2n)

Question 14

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 14

Mechanism of cell division for making haploid gametes

Question 15

How many rounds of DNA replication occur in meiosis?

Answer 15

One round of DNA replication

Question 16

What happens in the first meiotic division (Meiosis I)?

Answer 16

Chromosome pairs separate after DNA replication

Question 17

What occurs in the second meiotic division (Meiosis II)?

Answer 17

Chromatids segregate, similar to mitosis

Question 18

What is recombination in Meiosis I?

Answer 18

Homologous chromosomes line up, join, and exchange DNA

Question 19

What is the result of random assortment during meiosis?

Answer 19

Many combinations of gametes, leading to genetic diversity

Question 20

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 20

Failure of paired chromosomes to separate in meiosis I or sister chromatids to separate in meiosis II or mitosis

Question 21

Define euploidy.

Answer 21

Complete set of chromosomes (n, 2n, 3n etc.)

Question 22

Define aneuploidy.

Answer 22

Extra copy or missing copy of one chromosome

Question 23

What is an example of aneuploidy?

Answer 23

Trisomy 21 (extra copy of chromosome 21)

Question 24

How does meiosis differ between males and females?

Answer 24

Males produce 4 spermatids; females produce 1 egg and 3 polar bodies

Question 25

What is the primary function of mitosis?

Answer 25

Cell division for growth and repair

Question 26

True or False: The products of mitosis are genetically identical.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False: The products of meiosis are diploid.

Answer 27

False