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Week 4 Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

SNS

A

Somatic Nervous System

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2
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary or subconscious control single neuron pathway
No ganglia involved in pathway
Sensory input from general and special senses, motor output to skeletal muscles
Excites using acetylcholine
Axons are thick and myelinated = fast conduction

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3
Q

Voluntary Nervous System

A

Somatic

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4
Q

Involuntary Nervous System

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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5
Q

ANS

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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6
Q

SNS excites using

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

SNS Sensory input

A

From general and special senses, motor output to skeletal muscle

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8
Q

SNS Axons

A

Are thick and myelinated = fast conduction

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9
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involuntary or unconscious control two neuron pathway
Ganglia involved pathway
Sensory input from general and visceral senses motor output to cardiac, smooth muscle and glands
Can excite or inhibit function using acetylcholine and norepinephrine
Axons are thin, some are myelinated, others are not = slower conduction

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10
Q

ANS sensory input from

A

General and visceral senses motor output to cardiac, smooth muscle and glands

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11
Q

ANS can excite or inhibit function using

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

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12
Q

ANS Axons

A

Thin, some myelinated, others are not = slower conduction

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13
Q

ANS pathway

A

Involuntary or unconscious control

Two neuron pathway

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14
Q

Autonomic Plexuses

A

Collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons and parasympathetic axons, as well as some visceral sensory axons.

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15
Q

Sympathetic is from

A

Spinal cord via sympathetic trunk

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16
Q

Parasympathetic is from

A

Cranial and caudal repositories

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17
Q

Do sympathetic and parasympathetic interact?

A

Close to one another, but do not interact or synapse with one another

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18
Q

Cardia Plexus

A

Have to have a sympathetic (for upregulation) and parasympathetic (downregulation)

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19
Q

Right Vagus Nerve

A

X

Parasympathetic

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20
Q

Abdominal Aortic Plexus 3 parts

A

Celiac ganglia and plexus
Superior mesenteric ganglia and plexus
Inferior mesenteric ganglia and plexus

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21
Q

Abdominal Aortic Plexus

A

Each of these have a named ganglia with it.
Called pre-vertebral ganglia
Ganglia drawn as pearls

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22
Q

Cardiac Plexus

A

increased sympathetic activity increases heart rate and blood pressure
increased parasympathetic activity decreases heart rate

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23
Q

Pulmonary Plexus

A

Parasympathetic pathway causes bronchoconstriction and increased secretion from mucous glands of the bronchial tree
sympathetic innervation causes bronchodilation

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24
Q

Esophageal Plexus

A

Parasympathetic axons control the swallowing reflex

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25
Abdominal Aortic Plexus
Consists of the celiac plexus, superior mesenteric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus
26
Responsible for autonomic control of digestion
Abdominal Aortic Plexus - Celiac Plexus - Superior mesenteric plexus - Inferior mesenteric plexus
27
Hypogastric Plexus
Innervates pelvic viscera = autonomic control of urinary and reproductive function
28
Cardiac increased sympathetic activity
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
29
Cardiac increased parasympathetic activity
Decreases heart rate
30
Pulmonary plexus parasympathetic pathway causes
Bronchoconstriction and increased secretion from mucous glands of the bronchial tree
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Pulmonary plexus sympathetic innervation causes
Bronchodilation
32
Hypogastric Plexus
Innervates pelvic viscera = autonomic control of urinary and reproductive function
33
Two neurotransmitters are used in ANS
Acetylcholine (ACh) | Norepinephrine (NE)
34
ACh
Acetylcholine
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NE
Norepinephrine
36
Neurotransmitters are released by
The presynaptic cell
37
Neurotransmitters bind to
Specific receptors in the postsynaptic cell membrane
38
Neurotransmitter binding has either an
Excitatory or an inhibitory effect on the effector, depending on the specific receptor
39
Both preganglionic and postganglionic axons in the parasympathetic division release
Acetylcholine and thus are called cholinergic
40
Cholinergic
Both preganglionic and postganglionic axons in the parasympathetic division release acetylcholine and are called this
41
Preganglionic axons in sympathetic division release
Acetylcholine and thus are cholinergic
42
Most post ganglionic axons of the sympathetic division release
Norepinephrine and are called adrenergic
43
Adrenergic
Most of the postganglionic axons of the sympathetic division release norepinephrine and are called this
44
Parasympathetic Pathway
``` CNS Preganglionic fiber (long pre) Acetylcholine released Autonomic ganglion Postganglionic fiber (short post) Acetylcholine released ```
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Sympathetic Pathway
``` CNS Preganglionic fiber (short pre) Acetylcholine released Autonomic ganglion Postganglionic fiber (long post) Norepinephrine released at organ ```
46
Parasympathetic
Two neuron system Pre is long Post is short More targeted response, feed and breed
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Sympathetic
``` Two neuron system Pre is short Post is long Ach and NE More global - fight or flight ```
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Involuntary nervous system
Autonomic
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Ganglionic autonomic motor neuron
Sends nerve impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
50
Visceral sensory neuron
Receives sensory information from blood vessels and visceral walls
51
Dual Innervation
Many visceral effectors (organs) are innervated by post ganglionic axons from BOTH ANS divisions Actions of the divisions usually oppose each other Opposing effects are also achieved by increasing or decreasing activity in one division (one division can up-regulate or down-regulate the other)
52
Visceral Effectors
Organs
53
Sympathetic vs parasympathetic division
More complex both anatomically and functionally
54
Where are sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies are housed?
In the lateral horn of the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord
55
Sympathetic Trunks
(right and left) Immediately anterior to the paired spinal nerves Each is located immediately lateral to the vertebral column Looks much like a string of beads -string composed of bundles of axons -the beads are the sympathetic trunk ganglia, which house sympathetic ganglionic neuron cell bodies
56
4 Types of Ganglia
1. Cervical - superior - middle - inferior (stellate ganglion) 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar 4. Sacral
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3 Regions of Cervical Ganglia
Superior Middle Inferior - stellate ganglion
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One sympathetic trunk ganglion is approximately associated
With each spinal nerve | In thoracic region, cervical is fused, lumbar has cauda equina
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White Rami
Connecting the spinal nerves to each sympathetic trunk are rami communicantes Carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk They are associated only with the T1-L2 spinal nerves Preganglionic axons are myelinated -white ramus has a whitish appearance Similar to entrance ramps on a highway - how to get to spinal nerve
60
White rami preganglionic axons are
Myelinated Have a whitish appearance More lateral and larger
61
Gray Rami
Unmyelinated (grayish) Slower Connect to all spinal nerves 'exit ramps'
62
Splanchnic Nerves
Refers to viscera Larger splanchnic nerves have specific names 'Prevertebral' because they are immediately anterior to the vertebral column on the anterolateral wall of the abdominal aorta
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Splanchnic Nerve to focus on
Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves
64
Types of Prevertebral Ganglia
Differ from sympathetic trunk ganglia Are single structures, rather than paired Are anterior to the vertebral column on the anterior surface of the aorta Located only in the abdominopelvic cavity Prevertebral ganglia include the celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia
65
3 Types of prevertebral ganglia
Celiac Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric
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4 Sympathetic Pathways
1. Spinal nerve pathway 2. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway 3. The splanchnic nerve pathway 4. The adrenal medulla pathway
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Most common pathway in body
Spinal nerve pathway
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Fight or Flight Function of the ANS
May involve a single effector or many effectors (organs) In mass activation, a large number of ganglionic neurons activate many effector organs. -causes a heightened sense of alertness due to stimulation of the reticular activation system
69
The Parasympathetic Division
Also termed the craniosacral division Primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores Is most active when the body is at rest or digesting a meal "rest and digest" Participates along with the sympathetic division in maintaining homeostasis (constant internal environment)
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The rest and digest division
Parasympathetic Division
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4 Cranial Nerves associated with the parasympathetic division
Oculomotor (III) Facial (VII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X)
72
Vagus Nerve
Parasympathetic stimulation for the thoracic and most abdominal organs
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Oculomotor Nerve
CN III Ciliary ganglion 2 Pupil constriction Ciliary muscles of lens for accommodation (near vision/reading)
74
Facial Nerve
``` CN VII Pterygopalatine ganglion associated with: -lacrimal gland -nasal cavity -oral cavity Submandibular ganglion -submandibular and sublingual glands (saliva production) ```
75
Glosspharyngeal Nerve
CN IX Otic ganglion Parotid gland (saliva production)
76
Vagus Nerve
CN X Multiple terminal and intramural ganglia Heart (decreases rate) Respiratory organs (decreases respiration) Bronchial passages (constricts, excites mucous production) Esophagus (promotes swallowing and peristalsis) Abdominal viscera (promotes digestion)
77
Trigeminal Nerve
CN V Postsynaptic parasympathetic axons from the three cranial nerves that stay in the head 'hitch hike' to their targets on branches of the trigeminal nerve. The parasympathetic ganglia that are associated with each of these three nerves hang off the trigeminal nerve
78
Caudal contribution of parasympathetic
Via pelvic splanchnic nerves - distal portion of large intestine - rectum - most reproductive organs - urinary bladder (contracts) - distal ureters - erection
79
Parasympathetic Division is most active during
Times when the body must process nutrients and conserve energy

Anatomy (9 decks)

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