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Anatomy > Week 3 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Week 3 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Provides a vital link between the brain and rest of the body

Some functional independence from the brain

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2
Q

Spinal cord and attached spinal nerves serve two important functions

A
  1. Pathway for sensory and motor impulses

2. Responsible for reflexes

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3
Q

Peripheral processes

A

Information back from the body

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4
Q

Afferent Input

A

Sensory

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5
Q

Efferent Output

A

Motor

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6
Q

Anatomy of the spinal cord

A

Long flattened cylinder
2 enlargements: cervical, lumbar
31 pairs of spinal nerves

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7
Q

2 spinal cord enlargements

A

Cervical and lumbar

-of neural tissue, so has large territory/area it has to supply

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8
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves

A

Almost everything is bilateral. Even nose, kidneys, trunk etc.

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9
Q

CNS at 3 months old

A

Cervical and lumbar enlargements visible

Spinal cord portion of CNS well-distinguished from brain and brainstem regions

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10
Q

Cervical plexus innervates

A

To below jaw (neck)

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11
Q

Brachial plexus innervates

A

Shoulder region, upper back, upper limb

Except trapezius

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12
Q

Structures associated with Thoracic

A

Thoracic sympathetic outflow

Intercostal nerves

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13
Q

Intercostal nerves innervate

A

Muscles between ribs

Thinnest part of spinal cord

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14
Q

Structures associated with Lumbar

A

Lumbar sympathetic outflow

Lumbosacral enlargement -Lumbar plexus and Sacral plexus

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15
Q

Structure associated with Sacral

A

Sacral parasympathetic outflow

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16
Q

Lumbosacral enlargement 2 parts

A
  1. Lumbar plexus

2. Sacral plexus

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17
Q

Thinnest part of spinal cord

A

Thoracic

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18
Q

CSF circulates between

A

Arachnoid and Pia mater

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19
Q

3 Meningeal Coverings

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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20
Q

Dura Mater

A

Meningeal covering

outer, toughest layer

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21
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Spidery, thin layer

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22
Q

Pia mater

A

Thin layer next to nerves, can not take this off during dissection

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23
Q

3 spaces in spinal cord

A
  1. Subdural space
  2. Subarachnoid space
  3. Epidural space
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24
Q

Subdural space

A

Space between Dura and Arachnoid

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25
Subarachnoid space
CSF
26
Epidural space
Between vertebral bone and dura mater during epidural they puncture this area *spinal nerves here
27
Where spinal nerves are located
Epidural space
28
3 Processes in spinal caord
1. Anterior rootlets 2. Posterior rootlets 3. Spinal nerve
29
Anterior rootlets
Process in spinal cord | Motor
30
Posterior rootlets
Process in spinal cord Sensory Posterior root AKA spinal ganglion
31
Spinal ganglion
Where anterior root and posterior root come together
32
4 parts of spinal nerve
1. Anterior ramus 2. Posterior ramus 3. Gray rami communicantes 4. White rami communicantes
33
Anterior ramus AKA
Hypaxial
34
Posterior ramus AKA
Epaxial
35
Anterior Ramus
aka Hypaxial Innervates 90% of body Large ramus
36
Anterior ramus innervates
90% of the body
37
Posterior ramus
aka Epaxial | Innervates core muscles in back for posture
38
Posterior ramus innervates
Core muscles in the back for posture
39
Conus medularis
Spinal column | ends at L1-L2
40
Spinal cord aka
Conus medularis
41
Cauda equina
Horses tail | Comprised of spinal nerve roots and rootlets
42
Filum terminale is part of
pia mater
43
Difference in conus medullaris in newborn
Ends L3-L4 Vs. L1-L2 in adult
44
Lumps on nerves in sacral area
Dorsal root ganglion
45
Lumbar cistern
Subarachnoid space | Contains cauda equina
46
Lumbar herniation
The lower the area, problems tend to happen upstream or downstream because of cauda equina
47
Spinal Nerves
Considered part of the PNS Provide a direct link between the CNS and organ systems in the body Carry both sensory and motor impulses 31 pairs
48
Type of impulses carried by spinal nerves
Both sensory and motor
49
This provides direct link between CNS and organ systems in the body
Spinal nerves
50
Spinal nerves named for
The vertebral region that they are associated with
51
Cervical Spinal Nerves
C1-C8
52
Thoracic Spinal Nerves
T1-T12
53
Lumbar Spinal Nerves
L1-L5
54
Sacral Spinal Nerves
S1-S5
55
Coccygeal Nerve
One pair
56
C1 carries
Sensory ONLY
57
Dorsal Root Spinal Cord
Sensory
58
Ventral Root Spinal Cord
Motor
59
Dorsal Ramus - spinal nerve roots
Sensory and motor
60
Ventral Ramus - Spinal nerve roots
Sensory and motor
61
Visceral Motor is
sympathetic
62
Exteroception
Sensory general | vs. Interoception - visceral or referred
63
Interoception
Sensory visceral or referred | ex. nausea, referred pain
64
Proprioception
Some reflexes in joints Without this would not know how hard something is ex. sand vs. hard floor, how to walk on it
65
Dermatomes
Parasthesia or pain. Well mapped out somatosensory patterns of body Vs. myotomes that cover larger areas
66
Dermatome
An area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single nerve root
67
Myotome
Group of muscles that is primarily innervated by the motor fibers of a single nerve root
68
3 Main Ways in which spinal nerves are distributed in the body
1. Intercostal nerves (anterior rami) 2. Dorsal rami 3. Nerve Plexuses (anterior rami)
69
Dorsal rami
Small branches that innervate superficial back muscles
70
Spinal Nerve Plexuses
Network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves Anterior rami of most spinal nerves form nerve plexuses on both R and L sides of body Nerve plexuses then split inot multiple 'named' nerves that innervate various body structures Principal plexuses are the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and sacral plexus
71
Spinal Nerve Plexus consist of
Interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves
72
4 Principal Plexuses
1. Cervical 2. Brachial 3. Lumbar 4. Sacral
73
2 main cervical plexus nerve roots
Ansa cervicalis | Phrenic nerve
74
Ansa cervicalis innervate
Motor to the anterior strap muscles in the neck
75
Phrenic Nerve innervate
The diaphram
76
Brachial Plexus
Innervates shoulder and upper limb, innervates pectoral and latisimus dorsi
77
Brachial Plexus Order
``` Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Branches ```
78
Brachial Plexus mmemonic device
Real Texans Drink Cold Beer
79
Lumbar Plexus
``` Spinal nerve roots L1-L4 Lumbar enlargement Communicates with the sacral plexus via the lumbosacral trunk 2 major branches: Femoral Nerve - anterior thigh Obturator Nerve - medial thigh ```
80
Lumbosacral Trunk
L4 combines with L5 and goes to sacral plexus
81
Femoral Nerve
Lumbar Plexus | Innervates anterior thigh
82
Obturator Nerve
Lumbar Plexus | Innervates medial thigh, adductors
83
2 Nerves of Lumbar Plexus
Femoral | Obdurator
84
Sacral Plexus
``` Spinal nerve roots L4-S5 Include L4 Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Sciatic Nerve -Common fibular division -Tibial division ```
85
3 Important nerves for Sacral Plexus
1. Superior gluteal nerve 2. Inferior gluteal nerve 3. Sciatic nerve
86
Superior and Inferior Gluteal Nerves innervate
Gluteal muscles essential for walking
87
Sciatic nerve innervates
Posterior thigh and below the knee (leg)
88
Below the knee is called the
Leg
89
2 Divisions of the Sciatic Nerve
1. Common fibular division | 2. Tibial division - very large part

Anatomy (9 decks)

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