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Anatomy > Week 1 Book > Flashcards

Week 1 Book Flashcards

0
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Nearer to feet

Ex. Stomach is inferior to heart

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1
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Nearer to head

Heart is superior to stomach

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2
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Nearer to front

Ex. Sternum is anterior to heart

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3
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Nearer to back

Ex. Kidneys are posterior to intestine

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4
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to medial plane

Ex. Fifth digit (little finger) is on medial side of hand

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5
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from medial plane

Ex. First digit (thumb) is on lateral side of hand

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6
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to trunk or point of origin (eg of a limb)

Ex. Elbow is proximal to wrist; proximal part of artery is its beginning.

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7
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the trunk or point of origin

Ex. Wrist is distal to elbow; distal part of lower limb is foot.

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8
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer to or on surface

Ex. Muscles of arm are superficial to its bone (humerus)

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9
Q

Deep

A

Farther from surface

Ex. Humerus is deep to arm muscles

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10
Q

Intermediate

A

Between opposite pairs of terms superficial and deep

Ex. Muscles are intermediate between skin and bones

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11
Q

Dorsum

A

Surface of hand, foot, nose or penis toward back in quadrupedal position

Ex. Veins are visible in dorsum on palm

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12
Q

Palm

A

Anterior surface of hand

Ex. Skin creases are visible on palm

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13
Q

Sole (plantar)

A

Interior surface of foot

Ex. Skin is thick on sole of foot

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14
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

organization of the body into parts: head, neck, trunk (further thorax, abdomen, pelvis/perineum, back) and paired limbs

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15
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

essential part of regional anatomy (body parts)

physical examination is the clinical extension of this

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16
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

organized by organ systems that work together to carry out complex functions

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17
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing erect
head, eyes and toes directed anteriorly (forward)
Upper limbs by side palms facing anteriorly
Lower limbs close together with feet parallel and toes directed anteriorly

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18
Q

4 Anatomical Planes

A

Median (median sagittal) plane *only one of these
Sagittal planes
Frontal (coronal) planes
Transverse planes

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19
Q

Median (median sagittal) plane

A

Vertical plane passing longitudinally through center of body dividing it into right and left halves.

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20
Q

Sagittal planes

A

vertical planes passing through body parallel to the median plane

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21
Q

Frontal (coronal) planes

A

vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane dividing into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

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22
Q

Transverse plane

A

passing through body at right angles to the median and frontal planes

divides body into superior and inferior parts

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23
Q

Inferomedial

A

nearer to the feet (inferior) and closer to the median plane

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24
Q

Superolateral

A

Nearer to the head (superior) and farther from the median plane

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25
Q

Proximal

A

directional term used when describing positions

nearer to trunk or point of origin

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26
Q

Distal

A

directional tern used when describing positions

further from the trunk or point of origin

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27
Q

Dorsum

A

the superior or dorsal (back) surface of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the body

Ex. foot, hand, penis or tongue

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28
Q

Sole

A

inferior aspect or bottom of the foot

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29
Q

palm

A

flat anterior aspect of the hand, excluding the five digits

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30
Q

Bilateral

A

paired structures having right and left members

Ex. kidneys

31
Q

Unilateral

A

Structures occurring on one side only

Ex. Spleen

32
Q

Ipsilateral

A

structure occurring on same side of the body

Ex. R thumb and R toe

33
Q

Contralateral

A

Structures occurring on the opposite side of the body

Ex. R hand L hand

34
Q

Flexion

A

Closer

bending of a part or decreasing the angle between body parts

35
Q

Extension

A

Further away

straightening a part or increasing the angle between body parts

36
Q

What plane do flexion/extension movements occur? (except thumb)

A

sagittal plane

37
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from the median plane of the body in the frontal plane

38
Q

Adduction

A

moving toward the median plane of the body in the frontal (coronal) plane

39
Q

Rotation

A

moving a part of the body around its long axis

Medial or lateral

40
Q

Medial rotation

A

turns the anterior surface medially

Ex. turns the arm/leg toward the body

41
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

turns the surface laterally

Ex. turns the arm/leg away form body

42
Q

Circumduction

A

the circular movement of the limbs, or parts of them, combining in sequence the movements of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

43
Q

Pronation

A

medial rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palms face posteriorly

44
Q

Supination

A

a lateral rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces anteriorly, as in the anatomical position

45
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

elevation of the dorsum of the foot at the anle. (toes point to ceiling)

46
Q

Plantarflexion

A

depression of the sole of the foot at the ankle (toes point down to ground

47
Q

Eversion

A

turning the sole of the foot outwards

48
Q

Inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot inwards

49
Q

Protrusion

A

(protraction) move the jaw anteriorly (towards the front)

50
Q

Retrusion

A

(retraction) move the jaw posteriorly (back)

51
Q

Elevation

A

raises or moves a part superiorly

52
Q

Depression

A

lowers or moves a part inferiorly

53
Q

Integumentary System

A

Dermatology
skin (integument) and its appendages (hair and nails)
skin, an extensive sensory organ, forms a protective covering for the body

54
Q

integument

A

skin
an extensive sensory organ
largest organ in the body
protective covering for the body

55
Q

Skeletal System

A

osteology, orthopedics
consists of bones and cartilage
provides support for the body and protects vital organs
Muscular system acts on skeletal to produce movement

56
Q

Articular System

A

arthrology
consists joints and associated ligaments
connects bony parts of skeletal system and provides sites at which movement occurs

57
Q

Muscular System

A

myology

consists of muscles that act (contract) to move or position parts of the body

58
Q

Nervous System

A

neurology
consists of CNS (brain, spinal cord) and PNS (nerves and ganglia)
controls and coordinates the functions of the organ system

59
Q

Circulatory System

A 
consists of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
function in parallel to distribute fluid within the body
60
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

cardiology
part of Circulatory System
consists of the heart and blood vessels
propel and conduct blood through the body

61
Q

Lymphoid System

A

part of the Circulatory System
network of lymphatic vessels that withdraws excess tissue fluid (lymph) from the body’s interstitial (intercellular) fluid compartment, filters it through the lymph nodes and returns it to the bloodstream

62
Q

Digestive or Alimentary System

A

gastroenterology
consists of the organs and glands associated with ingestion, mastication, deglutition, digestion and absorption of food and elimination of feces after nutrients have been absorbed

63
Q

Respiratory System

A

pulmonology
consists of air passages and lungs that supply oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
The control of airflow through the system produces tone, which is further modified into speech

64
Q

Urinary System

A

urology
consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
which filter blood and subsequently produce, transport, store and intermittently excrete liquid waste (urine)

65
Q

Reproductive System

A

OB/GYN or andrology
consists of gonads (ovaries and testes) that produce oocytes (eggs) and sperm and the other genital organs concerned with reproduction

66
Q

Endocrine System

A

endocrinology
consists of discrete ductless glands (ex. thyroid) as well as cells of the intestine and blood vessel walls and specialized nerve endings that secrete hormones. Hormones are distributed by the cardiovascular system to reach receptor organs throughout the body.

67
Q

Clinical Anatomy

A

aka Applied Anatomy
emphasizes aspects of the structure and function of the body important in the practice of medicine, dentistry, other allied health.

68
Q

One of the best indicators of general health

A

skin

69
Q

The greatest anatomical variation occurs in the

A

veins

70
Q

5 functions of the skin

A
  1. Protection from environment
  2. Containment of tissues, organs etc. prevent dehydration
  3. Heat regulation through sweat, blood vessels and fat deposits
  4. Sensation (eg. pain) by superficial nerves
  5. Synthesis and storage of Vit D
71
Q

Stratified

A

layered

72
Q

Keratin

A

fibrous protein

73
Q

2 parts of the skin

A
  1. Epidermis - superficial cellular layer that creates a tough protective outer layer
  2. Dermis - a basal (deep) regenerative and pigmented connective tissue layer
74
Q

Basal

A

deep

75
Q

Epidermis

A

A keratinized stratified (layered) epithelium with a tough outer surface composed of keratin. Outer layer is constantly shed and replaced with cells from the basal layer.
Entire body is renewed every 25-45 days
is avascular and nourished by vessels in dermis

Anatomy (9 decks)

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