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Week 1 Book Flashcards

0
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Nearer to feet

Ex. Stomach is inferior to heart

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1
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Nearer to head

Heart is superior to stomach

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2
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Nearer to front

Ex. Sternum is anterior to heart

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3
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Nearer to back

Ex. Kidneys are posterior to intestine

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4
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to medial plane

Ex. Fifth digit (little finger) is on medial side of hand

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5
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from medial plane

Ex. First digit (thumb) is on lateral side of hand

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6
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to trunk or point of origin (eg of a limb)

Ex. Elbow is proximal to wrist; proximal part of artery is its beginning.

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7
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the trunk or point of origin

Ex. Wrist is distal to elbow; distal part of lower limb is foot.

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8
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer to or on surface

Ex. Muscles of arm are superficial to its bone (humerus)

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9
Q

Deep

A

Farther from surface

Ex. Humerus is deep to arm muscles

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10
Q

Intermediate

A

Between opposite pairs of terms superficial and deep

Ex. Muscles are intermediate between skin and bones

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11
Q

Dorsum

A

Surface of hand, foot, nose or penis toward back in quadrupedal position

Ex. Veins are visible in dorsum on palm

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12
Q

Palm

A

Anterior surface of hand

Ex. Skin creases are visible on palm

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13
Q

Sole (plantar)

A

Interior surface of foot

Ex. Skin is thick on sole of foot

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14
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

organization of the body into parts: head, neck, trunk (further thorax, abdomen, pelvis/perineum, back) and paired limbs

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15
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

essential part of regional anatomy (body parts)

physical examination is the clinical extension of this

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16
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

organized by organ systems that work together to carry out complex functions

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17
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing erect
head, eyes and toes directed anteriorly (forward)
Upper limbs by side palms facing anteriorly
Lower limbs close together with feet parallel and toes directed anteriorly

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18
Q

4 Anatomical Planes

A

Median (median sagittal) plane *only one of these
Sagittal planes
Frontal (coronal) planes
Transverse planes

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19
Q

Median (median sagittal) plane

A

Vertical plane passing longitudinally through center of body dividing it into right and left halves.

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20
Q

Sagittal planes

A

vertical planes passing through body parallel to the median plane

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21
Q

Frontal (coronal) planes

A

vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane dividing into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

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22
Q

Transverse plane

A

passing through body at right angles to the median and frontal planes

divides body into superior and inferior parts

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23
Q

Inferomedial

A

nearer to the feet (inferior) and closer to the median plane

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24
Superolateral
Nearer to the head (superior) and farther from the median plane
25
Proximal
directional term used when describing positions nearer to trunk or point of origin
26
Distal
directional tern used when describing positions further from the trunk or point of origin
27
Dorsum
the superior or dorsal (back) surface of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the body Ex. foot, hand, penis or tongue
28
Sole
inferior aspect or bottom of the foot
29
palm
flat anterior aspect of the hand, excluding the five digits
30
Bilateral
paired structures having right and left members Ex. kidneys
31
Unilateral
Structures occurring on one side only Ex. Spleen
32
Ipsilateral
structure occurring on same side of the body Ex. R thumb and R toe
33
Contralateral
Structures occurring on the opposite side of the body Ex. R hand L hand
34
Flexion
Closer | bending of a part or decreasing the angle between body parts
35
Extension
Further away | straightening a part or increasing the angle between body parts
36
What plane do flexion/extension movements occur? (except thumb)
sagittal plane
37
Abduction
moving away from the median plane of the body in the frontal plane
38
Adduction
moving toward the median plane of the body in the frontal (coronal) plane
39
Rotation
moving a part of the body around its long axis Medial or lateral
40
Medial rotation
turns the anterior surface medially Ex. turns the arm/leg toward the body
41
Lateral Rotation
turns the surface laterally Ex. turns the arm/leg away form body
42
Circumduction
the circular movement of the limbs, or parts of them, combining in sequence the movements of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
43
Pronation
medial rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palms face posteriorly
44
Supination
a lateral rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces anteriorly, as in the anatomical position
45
Dorsiflexion
elevation of the dorsum of the foot at the anle. (toes point to ceiling)
46
Plantarflexion
depression of the sole of the foot at the ankle (toes point down to ground
47
Eversion
turning the sole of the foot outwards
48
Inversion
turning the sole of the foot inwards
49
Protrusion
(protraction) move the jaw anteriorly (towards the front)
50
Retrusion
(retraction) move the jaw posteriorly (back)
51
Elevation
raises or moves a part superiorly
52
Depression
lowers or moves a part inferiorly
53
Integumentary System
Dermatology skin (integument) and its appendages (hair and nails) skin, an extensive sensory organ, forms a protective covering for the body
54
integument
skin an extensive sensory organ largest organ in the body protective covering for the body
55
Skeletal System
osteology, orthopedics consists of bones and cartilage provides support for the body and protects vital organs Muscular system acts on skeletal to produce movement
56
Articular System
arthrology consists joints and associated ligaments connects bony parts of skeletal system and provides sites at which movement occurs
57
Muscular System
myology | consists of muscles that act (contract) to move or position parts of the body
58
Nervous System
neurology consists of CNS (brain, spinal cord) and PNS (nerves and ganglia) controls and coordinates the functions of the organ system
59
Circulatory System
``` consists of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems function in parallel to distribute fluid within the body ```
60
Cardiovascular System
cardiology part of Circulatory System consists of the heart and blood vessels propel and conduct blood through the body
61
Lymphoid System
part of the Circulatory System network of lymphatic vessels that withdraws excess tissue fluid (lymph) from the body's interstitial (intercellular) fluid compartment, filters it through the lymph nodes and returns it to the bloodstream
62
Digestive or Alimentary System
gastroenterology consists of the organs and glands associated with ingestion, mastication, deglutition, digestion and absorption of food and elimination of feces after nutrients have been absorbed
63
Respiratory System
pulmonology consists of air passages and lungs that supply oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. The control of airflow through the system produces tone, which is further modified into speech
64
Urinary System
urology consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra which filter blood and subsequently produce, transport, store and intermittently excrete liquid waste (urine)
65
Reproductive System
OB/GYN or andrology consists of gonads (ovaries and testes) that produce oocytes (eggs) and sperm and the other genital organs concerned with reproduction
66
Endocrine System
endocrinology consists of discrete ductless glands (ex. thyroid) as well as cells of the intestine and blood vessel walls and specialized nerve endings that secrete hormones. Hormones are distributed by the cardiovascular system to reach receptor organs throughout the body.
67
Clinical Anatomy
aka Applied Anatomy emphasizes aspects of the structure and function of the body important in the practice of medicine, dentistry, other allied health.
68
One of the best indicators of general health
skin
69
The greatest anatomical variation occurs in the
veins
70
5 functions of the skin
1. Protection from environment 2. Containment of tissues, organs etc. prevent dehydration 3. Heat regulation through sweat, blood vessels and fat deposits 4. Sensation (eg. pain) by superficial nerves 5. Synthesis and storage of Vit D
71
Stratified
layered
72
Keratin
fibrous protein
73
2 parts of the skin
1. Epidermis - superficial cellular layer that creates a tough protective outer layer 2. Dermis - a basal (deep) regenerative and pigmented connective tissue layer
74
Basal
deep
75
Epidermis
A keratinized stratified (layered) epithelium with a tough outer surface composed of keratin. Outer layer is constantly shed and replaced with cells from the basal layer. Entire body is renewed every 25-45 days is avascular and nourished by vessels in dermis

Anatomy (9 decks)

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