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Anatomy > Week 1 Lecture Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 1 Lecture Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of medicine (Hippocratic Oath)

little interest in anatomy

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2
Q

Aristotle

A

Comparative anatomy approach

1st to think in terms of adaptation and evolution

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3
Q

Herophilus & Erasistratus

A

1st systematic human dissections on cadavers and living criminals
Promoted idea of motor and sensory impulses

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4
Q

Galen

A

Roman (think gladiator)

Promoted idea that blood, not air, ran through vessels

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5
Q

Leonardo Da Vinci

A

Human body as greatest work of nature that should be studied

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6
Q

Andreas Vesalius (Andries van Wesel)

A

Father of Anatomical Study

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7
Q

Anatomy is the study of

A

Structure

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8
Q

Anatomists examine

A

the relationships among parts of the body along with the structure of individual organs

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9
Q

4 Different ways to study anatomy

A
  1. Microscopic (histology)
  2. Developmental (embryology)
  3. Visible (Gross)
  4. Images (x-ray, CT, ultrasound, MRI)
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10
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Way to study anatomy

Histology

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11
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

Way to study anatomy

Embryology

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12
Q

Visible Anatomy

A 
Way to study anatomy
AKA Gross Anatomy
Comparative (within or among species)
Functional
Abnormal or Diseased.
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13
Q

3 types of Gross Anatomy

A

(visible)

  1. Comparative
  2. Functional
  3. Abnormal
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14
Q

General Anatomy

A

Function, organization and relationships of structures in a organism.
Basic science side

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15
Q

Clinical Anatomy

A

Puts structure, function, organization and relationships within an organism in the context of the maintenance of and healthy patient and prevention/treatment of disease

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16
Q

6 Levels of Organization in the Human Body

A
  1. Chemical (atom, molecule)
  2. Cellular (cells - histological level)
  3. Tissue (epithelial tissue - histological level)
  4. Organ (small intestine)
  5. Organ system (digestive)
  6. Organismal (whole human)
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17
Q

Organs

A

Different tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions that form an organ

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18
Q

Organ System

A

Related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function

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19
Q

Organism

A

All body systems function interdependently in a single living human.

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20
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin and associated glands (ex. hair)

Provides protection

  • regulate body temp
  • site of cutaneous receptors
  • synthesizes Vit D
  • Prevents water loss
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21
Q

Skeletal system

A

Provides support and protection

  • sight of hematopoeisis (blood cell production)
  • stores calcium and phosphorous
  • allows for body movement
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22
Q

Muscular System

A

Produces body movement

-Generates heat when muscles contract

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23
Q

Nervous System

A

A regulatory system that

  • responds to sensory stimuli
  • helps control all other systems of the body
  • also responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory
  • controls body movement
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24
Q

Endocrine System

A 
(closely interacts with nervous system)
Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones some of which regulate,
-body and cellular growth
-chemical levels in the body
-reproductive functions
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25
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Consists of a pump (the heart) that moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, gases, and pick up waste products

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26
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid)

Initiates an immune response when necessary

Pathway for cancer

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27
Q

Respiratory System

A

Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and air in the lungs

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28
Q

Digestive System

A

Mechanically and chemically digests food materials

  • Absorbs nutrients
  • Expels waste products
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29
Q

Urinary System

A

Filters blood and removes waste products from the blood

-concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body

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30
Q

Male Reproductive System

A

Produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (eg. testosterone)
-transfers sperm to the female

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31
Q

Female Reproductive System

A

Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and female hormones (eg. estrogen and progesterone)

  • receives sperm from male
  • site of fertilization of oocyte
  • site of growth and development of embryo and fetus
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32
Q

2 body regions

A
  1. Axial - head, neck, trunk

2. Appendicular - appendages

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33
Q

Axial Region

A

Includes head, neck and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of our body

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34
Q

Appendicular Region

A

Limbs, or appendages, attach to the body’s axis

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35
Q

Leg Region

A

In anatomy this refers to the calf or Crural part of the leg

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36
Q

Thigh Region

A

In anatomy this refers to the thigh or Femoral part of the leg

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37
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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38
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

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39
Q

Orbital

A

Eye

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40
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

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41
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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42
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

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43
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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44
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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45
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

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46
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

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47
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

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48
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

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49
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

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50
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

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51
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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52
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

53
Q

Digital

A

Finger

54
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

55
Q

Patellar

A

Knee

56
Q

Crural

A

Leg (Calf)

57
Q

Pes

A

Foot

58
Q

Sternal

A

Sternum

59
Q

Pectoral

A

Chest

60
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

61
Q

3 parts that make up Thoracic

A

1 Sternal
2 Pectoral
3 Mammary

62
Q

Abdominal

A

abdomen

63
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvic

64
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

65
Q

Pubic

A

Pubic

66
Q

Tarsal

A

ankle

67
Q

Dorsum of the foot

A

top of foot

68
Q

Otic

A

Ear

69
Q

Occipital

A

Back of head

70
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

71
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

72
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back

73
Q

Vertebral

A

Spinal Column

74
Q

Olecranal

A

Elbow

75
Q

Sacral

A

Sacrum area

76
Q

Dorsum of the hand

A

Posterior part of hand

77
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

78
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

79
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

80
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Study of anatomy based on regions of body
Emphasizes relationships among structures
(COM)

81
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Study of anatomy based on organ systems

82
Q

Regional vs. Systemic approaches to study of anatomy

A

Regional based on regions of body vs. Systemic based on organ systems.

83
Q

Anatomical Position

A

individual stands upright, feet parallel and flat, head level, eyes forward, arms at side, palms forward and thumbs away from body

84
Q

Plane

A

An imaginary surface that slices the body into specific sections

85
Q

3 major anatomical planes

A
  1. Coronal
  2. Transverse
  3. Sagittal
86
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Like sagittal suture, runs down middle of head. Some animals have sagittal crest on head.
Cuts into L and R halves

87
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Runs ear to ear (like coronal suture) cuts you into anterior and posterior

88
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Goes across, like CT

Separates into superior and inferior parts

89
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

A sagittal plane in the body midline

90
Q

Parasagittal Plane

A

A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or right of it

91
Q

Anterior

A

In front of
toward the front surface
Interchangeable with Ventral

92
Q

Vental

A

Interchangeable with Anterior

Belly side

93
Q

Posterior

A

In back of
toward the back surface
Interchangeable with Dorsal

94
Q

Dorsal

A

Interchangeable with Posterior

back side

95
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head or above

Interchangeable with Cranial

96
Q

Cranial

A

aka Superior

At the head end

97
Q

Inferior

A

Toward feet, not head

Interchangeable with Caudal

98
Q

Caudal

A

aka Inferior

At the rear or tail end

99
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

100
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

101
Q

Deep

A

On the inside, underneath another stucture

102
Q

Superficial

A

On the outside

103
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to point of attachment to trunk

typically used for limbs

104
Q

Distal

A

Furthest from point of attachment

(typically used for limbs

105
Q

2 enclosed cavities of the posterior aspect of the body

A
  1. Cranial

2. Vertebral

106
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Formed by the cranium and houses the brain

107
Q

Vertebral Canal

A

Formed by the individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord

108
Q

2 layers lining thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A
  1. Parietal layer - lines internal surface of body wall

2. Visceral layer - covers external surface of organs (viscera) within the cavity

109
Q

Viscera

A

Organs

110
Q

Parietal Layer

A

In thoracic/abdominopelvic cavities.

Lines internal surface of the body wall.

111
Q

Visceral Layer

A

In thoracic/abdominopelvic cavities.

Covers the external surface of organs (viscera) within the cavity

112
Q

Serous cavity

A

Between the parietal and visceral layers contains a lubricating film of serous fluid.
Acts as a bursa to reduce friction

113
Q

Serous fluid

A

Reduces friction and helps organs move smoothly against both one another and body wall.

114
Q

Posterior aspect contains

A

Cranial cavity

Vertebral canal

115
Q

Ventral Cavity contains

A

Thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal and pelvic cavities)

116
Q

Abdominopelvic cavities contains

A

Abdominal and pelvic cavities

117
Q

Mediastinum

A

The median space in the thoracic cavity

Contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea and major blood vessels that connect to the heart.

118
Q

Pericardium

A

A 2-layered serous membrane that encloses the heart. Located within the mediastinum

119
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Contains the lungs

Lined by a two-layered serous membrane called the pleura

120
Q

Pleura

A

A two-layered serous membrane lines the lungs.
2 layers: parietal, visceral
Pleural cavity is between two

121
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Outer layer of lung lining. Lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

122
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Inner layer of lung lining. Lines the external surface of the lung.

123
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Narrow, moist, potential space between Parietal pleura and Visceral pleura

124
Q

Peritoneum

A

A moist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

125
Q

9 compartments of Abdominopelvic Region

A

R hypochondriac, Epigastric, L hypochondriac
R lumbar, Umbilical, L lumbar
R Iliac, Hypogastric, L iliac

126
Q

Epigastric Region

A

contains stomach

127
Q

Left Hypochondriac Region

A

contains liver, spleen

128
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Contains small intestine

Anatomy (9 decks)

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