Week 4

Question 1

Why study neurological and physiological underpinnings?

Answer 1

Links physiology to speech symptoms

Question 2

What is the DAB traditional classification system>

Answer 2

structures in the brain are close in proximity so there will be damage in adj. parts

Question 3

What is the difference between direct and indirect tracts?

Answer 3

Direct- rapid movemnts

indirect- slower

Question 4

What tracts are affected in flaccid dysarthria?

Answer 4

bulbar-spinal tracts

Question 5

Flaccid dysarthria results from damage to a _____ or ______ _______

Answer 5

spinal or cranial nerves

Question 6

Which type of pathway is damaged in flaccid dysarthria?

Answer 6

final common pathway

Question 7

Is flaccid dysarthria typically unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 7

Usually unilateral (Bell's Palsy)
But can be bilateral (Guillian-Barre)

Question 8

What type of movement do lower motor neurons affect?

Answer 8

All
Voluntary - conscious, learned activities (saying name)
Reflexive- involuntary, instant (puckering lips b/c of a sour taste
Autonomic - involuntary & visceral (heart rate, salivating)

Question 9

How many spinal nerves are there and what are their sections?

Answer 9

Cervical - 8
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccygeal - 1

Question 10

What is a synaptic cleft?

Answer 10

space between the axon and muscle fiber

Question 11

What is the strength of a muscle contraction dependent on?

Answer 11

number of motor units

rate of firing

Question 12

What can cause flaccid dysarthria? Which is most common?

Answer 12

Idiopathic - most common
tumor
TBI
brainstem stroke
infection
-bells palsy
-polio
-GB
Genetic/enviornmental
-moebius syndrome
-MG
-MD

Question 13

What are global changes of flaccid dysarthria?

Answer 13

Hypotonia
lack of steadiness
reduced reflexes
reduced strength

Question 14

What does damage to the spinal intercostal nerves, thorax and phrenic nerve cause?

Answer 14

Chest
- rapid shallow breathing, reduced VC, short max phonation time, weak cough, inadequate checking action

Respiration for Conv. speech
-reduced loudness, short breath groups, fading at end of sentence, speaking residual air

AMR/SMR - limited reps

Question 15

What can damage to cranial nerve V cause?

Answer 15

Jaw
- weak mandibular valve, jaw sags open, reduced ROM

Articulation for Conv. speech

• BILATERAL: severely reduced intelligibility, imprecise consonants and vowels, can be slow
• UNI: usually insignificant

AMR/SMR:
-Limited ROM, imprecise and slow

Question 16

What is CN V?

Answer 16

Trigeminal

Question 17

Damage to the CN V _____ for symptoms to emerge?

Answer 17

bilateral

Question 18

What is CN VII?

Answer 18

Facial

Question 19

What can damage to CN VII cause?

Answer 19

Lips
-weak pursing, rounding, retraction/protrusion, weak labial seal for holding air in cheeks

Articulation for convo speech
-Imprecise bilabials, Labiodentals, labial vowels, flutter of cheeks during speech

AMR/SMR
-Imprecise

Question 20

What is Moebius Syndrome?

Answer 20

Genetic
No facial expression
No facial nerve
paralysis of face (complete)