Week 12 Flashcards
What is the slowest hyperkinetic dysarthria?
dystonia
What is the etiology of dystonia?
Primary dystonia
-Hereditary
Secondary
- Results from encephalitis
- Trauma
- Vascular disease
- CO poisoning
- Neuroleptic drugs
Global changes of dystonia?
Action induced Excessive slow involuntary movements Start with jerk Sustained postures Weakness Reduced ROM Reduced coordination Reduced accuracy of all movement
What are the types of dystonia?
Generalized
Segmental
Isolated/Focal
What is generalized dystonia?
Involves WHOLE body
starts in childhood (before 18)
What is segmental dystonia?
Involves TWO or more structures
starts in adulthood
meige=eyes and oromandibular
What is isolated/focal dystonia?
Involves ONE area Starts in adulthood - Laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia) - Mandibular - Lingual - Respiratory - Blepharospasm - Torticollis - Writers cramp (hand spasm)
What is blepharospasm?
Eyes close and it is difficult to open them back
What is torticollis?
A rare condition in which the neck muscles contract, causing the head to twist to one side.
Symptoms of dystonia improve with ______ ______
sensory tricks
What are the effects of meige/oromandibular dystonia?
Swallowing
Facial spasms and pain
Speech difficulties
Affect tongue and chewing
Who does isolated/focal dystonia or laryngeal dystonia affect more?
women (60%/40%)
What are some ways that laryngeal dystonia improves?
Laugh Sing speak with an accent speak on inhalation whisper produce high or low pitch sounds sustained sounds sensory tricks drink alcohol
What are the types of laryngeal dystonia/SD?
Adductor
Abductor
Which type of SD is most common?
Adductor
Where are the spasms in Adductor SD?
thyroarytnoid
lateral cricothyroid
interarytenoid
What type of sounds causes spasms in Adductor SD?
voiced
Where are the spasms in Abductor SD?
posterior cricothyroid
What type of sounds cause spasms in Abductor SD?
voiceless
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Difficulty not moving
akathisia - restlessness, quivering
What is anarthria?
Absence of speech due to loss of movement supporting speech production
What usually causes anarthria?
Brainstem stroke
End-stage of dysarthria/apraxia
What is mutism?
Absence of speech that is not anarthria
What are the types of mutism?
Akinetic mutism
Cerebellar mutism
What is akinetic mutism?
extreme abulic stage
Diminished motivation
Lack of spontaneity in movement, thought common after TBI
What is cerebellar mutism?
Post-craniotomy to remove posterior fossa tumor
Typically resolves to cerebellar symptoms
What is locked in syndrome?
When anarthria is combined with total immobility (spastic immobility) of the body except vertical eye movement and blinking
Etiology of locked in syndrome?
Brainstem stroke
Ventral pontine syndrome
