Week 12

Question 1

What is the slowest hyperkinetic dysarthria?

Answer 1

dystonia

Question 2

What is the etiology of dystonia?

Answer 2

Primary dystonia
-Hereditary

Secondary

• Results from encephalitis
• Trauma
• Vascular disease
• CO poisoning
• Neuroleptic drugs

Question 3

Global changes of dystonia?

Answer 3

Action induced
Excessive slow involuntary movements
Start with jerk
Sustained postures
Weakness
Reduced ROM
Reduced coordination
Reduced accuracy of all movement

Question 4

What are the types of dystonia?

Answer 4

Generalized
Segmental
Isolated/Focal

Question 5

What is generalized dystonia?

Answer 5

Involves WHOLE body

starts in childhood (before 18)

Question 6

What is segmental dystonia?

Answer 6

Involves TWO or more structures
starts in adulthood
meige=eyes and oromandibular

Question 7

What is isolated/focal dystonia?

Answer 7

Involves ONE area
Starts in adulthood
- Laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia)
- Mandibular
- Lingual
- Respiratory
- Blepharospasm
- Torticollis
- Writers cramp (hand spasm)

Question 8

What is blepharospasm?

Answer 8

Eyes close and it is difficult to open them back

Question 9

What is torticollis?

Answer 9

A rare condition in which the neck muscles contract, causing the head to twist to one side.

Question 10

Symptoms of dystonia improve with ______ ______

Answer 10

sensory tricks

Question 11

What are the effects of meige/oromandibular dystonia?

Answer 11

Swallowing
Facial spasms and pain
Speech difficulties
Affect tongue and chewing

Question 12

Who does isolated/focal dystonia or laryngeal dystonia affect more?

Answer 12

women (60%/40%)

Question 13

What are some ways that laryngeal dystonia improves?

Answer 13

Laugh
Sing
speak with an accent
speak on inhalation
whisper
produce high or low pitch sounds
sustained sounds
sensory tricks
drink alcohol

Question 14

What are the types of laryngeal dystonia/SD?

Answer 14

Adductor

Abductor

Question 15

Which type of SD is most common?

Answer 15

Adductor

Question 16

Where are the spasms in Adductor SD?

Answer 16

thyroarytnoid
lateral cricothyroid
interarytenoid

Question 17

What type of sounds causes spasms in Adductor SD?

Answer 17

voiced

Question 18

Where are the spasms in Abductor SD?

Answer 18

posterior cricothyroid

Question 19

What type of sounds cause spasms in Abductor SD?

Answer 19

voiceless

Question 20

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 20

Difficulty not moving

akathisia - restlessness, quivering

Question 21

What is anarthria?

Answer 21

Absence of speech due to loss of movement supporting speech production

Question 22

What usually causes anarthria?

Answer 22

Brainstem stroke

End-stage of dysarthria/apraxia

Question 23

What is mutism?

Answer 23

Absence of speech that is not anarthria

Question 24

What are the types of mutism?

Answer 24

Akinetic mutism

Cerebellar mutism

Question 25

What is akinetic mutism?

Answer 25

extreme abulic stage
Diminished motivation
Lack of spontaneity in movement, thought common after TBI

Question 26

What is cerebellar mutism?

Answer 26

Post-craniotomy to remove posterior fossa tumor

Typically resolves to cerebellar symptoms

Question 27

What is locked in syndrome?

Answer 27

When anarthria is combined with total immobility (spastic immobility) of the body except vertical eye movement and blinking

Question 28

Etiology of locked in syndrome?

Answer 28

Brainstem stroke

Ventral pontine syndrome