Week 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Prenatal Development
A
Germinal: 0-2 weeks
Embryonic: 2 weeks - 2 months
Foetal: 2 months - birth
2
Q
Germinal Stage
A
- Conception is the start of development.
- Zygote divided into 4 cells. Each contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
- First 2 weeks (cell division)
- Placenta development (oxegyn and nutrients, bodily waste)
3
Q
Embryonic Stage
A
- 2 weeks to 2 months.
- Organs begin to develop and starts to look human.
- Basic physiological features have been formed. Highest chance of miscarriage.
4
Q
Foetal Stage
A
- 2 months til birth
- Rapid grwoth and development.
- Threshol of viability and 23 - 26 weeks.
5
Q
Maternal Drug Use
A
- Common substances: alcohol, substances, drugs
- Heroin (birth defects), alcohol, (FAS), tobacco (miscarriage)
6
Q
Motor development in infancy
A
- Cephalocaudal Trend: Head, arms, trunk, legs. Hold head, list arms, sit and stand.
- Proximodistal Trend: Head, arms and trunk, hands and fingers. Hold head, sit alone, scribble, build tower.
7
Q
Cultural Variations
A
- Infant reraing can impact development.
- Variation in whether sitting or standing should be incouraged.
8
Q
Fine Motor Development
A
- Reaching for objects at 3 months.
- 4 - 6 months infants can grasp obkects.
- Once infants can reach, they can modify grasp. (ulnar grasp - 3 months - pincer grasp - 12 months)
9
Q
Schema Fefinement
A
- Adaptaion: assimialtion (using schemas to interpret the world) and accomodation (creating new scheams to account for why some events are different)
- Organisation: arange new schemas with existing ones (linking throwing to dropping)
10
Q
Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory
A
- Sensorimotor stage ( birth to 2 years)
- Preoperational stage ( 2 years to 7 years)
- Concrete operational stage ( 7 - 11 years)
- Formal operations stage ( 11 years onwards).
11
Q
Sensorimotor Stage
A
- 2-3 months (develop memory which is necessary for futher development.)
- 6-8 months (seek new stimulation by manipulation).
- 9 months (develop object permanence)
- 12-24 months (object permenance is further developed)
12
Q
Preoperational stage
A
- Represent the wolrd symbolically.
- Egocentrism (inability to perecieve and event from another perspective)
- Towards the end of this stage children begin decentration.
13
Q
Concrete Operational Stage
A
- Begins to understand rules and higher order symbolic systems.
- Understands constancy in the world.
- Conservation, a susbstance can be altered but still remain in the same number.
14
Q
Formal Opertaional Stage
A
- Can think hypothetically and imagine future events.
- Alterations to cognitive abilities are in the degree rather than in the nature of thinking.
15
Q
Adolescence
A
- Bridge between childhood and adulthood.
- Puberty
- Stages of development are often mismatched (physical, moral, emotional and financial)
