Week 4 Flashcards
What is the primary goal in OT?
occupational performance
What is “Functional ROM”?
- Refers to range needed to accomplish everyday activities
- Refers to the minimal range needed to perform in essential areas of occupation without the use of adaptive equipment.
Wrist serves as a __________ of muscle activity for the flexors of the fingers.
modulator
Our ability to grip an object tightly depends, to some degree, on our ability to ___________ the wrist
Extend
The _________ connect to the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna).
carpals
What are the primary functions of the hand?
grasping
- folding
- lifting
- seating
- sensation (temperature, discrimination)
- expression
- communication
What percentage does the 1) hand play and 2) the thumb play in a person’s function?
Hand - 90%
Thumb - 40 - 50%
What are some Imporant underlying components of fine motor movement?
1) Trunk control
2) Scapulo-humeral stability and mobility
3) Elbow, forearm, wrist control
4) Eye and head position
5) Thumb opposition
6) Finger isolation
True or false: Mobility must be achieved before stability or controlled distal movements are possible
False
Stability must be achieved before mobility or controlled distal movements are possible
What are ‘First movements” called?
“whole body” movements
What are the Sub Skills of UE/Fine Motor Control
- Reach
- Grasp
- Voluntary release
- In-hand Manipulation
- Bilateral hand use
What is the transport phase?
bringing hand to an object to be grasped
Part of the sub skill of UE/fine motor control skill ‘Reach’
What is the Sub Skills of UE/Fine Motor Control skill ‘Reach’ focus on?
The reaching component is concerned with bringing the hand to the object to be grasped
What is the Sub Skills of UE/Fine Motor Control skill ‘Grasp’ focus on?
Movement patterns:
Whole hand: no grasp involved (e.g. pushing door)
Prehension movement pattern: thumb acts to stabilize, control direction, and adds power (reaching, grasping, carrying, releasing)
Manipulative prehension and precision: thumb and other fingers involved
What are the 3 Basic Types of Prehension: Power?
Cylindric grasp
Spherical grasp
Hook grasp
What are the 3 Basic Types of Prehension: Precision?
Fingertip prehension (pincer grasp, tip pinch)
Palmar prehension (tripod or three jaw chuck)
Lateral prehension (pad to side grip)
What is the Sub Skills of UE/Fine Motor Control skill ‘Release’ focus on?
Voluntary release is intentionally letting go of an object in the hand at a specific place and time.
Babies: born with a grasp reflex
Voluntary release is fully developed only later – approx. 4 years old
T/F: Babies are born with a grasp reflex
true
What age is voluntary release fully developed at?
approx. 4 years old
What is ‘in hand manipulation’?
The ability move and position objects within one hand without the assistance of the other hand
What is ‘Bilateral manipulation’?
Using two hands together in order to accomplish an activity
Two ways:
Symmetrical: steering a bicycle
Asymmetrical: cutting paper
What are the two ways of Bilateral Manipulation?
Symmetrical: steering a bicycle
Asymmetrical: cutting paper
What is an important skill in relation to bilateral manipulation?
What age is it refined by?
Crossing the midline
Typically refined by age of 3-4 years improving through ages 4-9.
What are the factors in ADL training and Evaluation?
1) Goals
2) Body structures and functions
3) Prognosis
4) Discharge environment
5) Potential for independence
