week 4

Question 1

define consciousness

Answer 1

aware of one’s own existence, feelings, thoughts, & of the environment

Question 2

a change in LOC is on the ____ and _____ index in change of neurological system

Answer 2

earliest & sensitive

Question 3

define alert

Answer 3

awake & easily aroused

Question 4

define lethargic or somnolent

Answer 4

-not fully alert
-drifts of to sleep when not stimulated
-responds to questions

Question 5

define obtunded

Answer 5

-mostly sleeps
-difficult to wake
-speech mumbled

Question 6

define stupor or semi-coma

Answer 6

-unconscious
-pulls away from painful stimulus
-mumbles & moans

Question 7

define coma

Answer 7

completely unconscious

Question 8

progressive order of stimulus

Answer 8

1. name called in normal tone
2. name called in loud voice
3. light touch on person’s arm
4. vigorous shake of shoulder
5. pain applied

Question 9

what does the glasgow coma scale test?

Answer 9

assess and monitor LOC in patients with conditions affecting LOC
low # = bad

Question 10

orientation categories 1, 2, 3, & 4

Answer 10

1 = person
2 = place
3 = time
4 = purpose

Question 11

what does the MMSE^1 assess?

Answer 11

assesses cognitive function in a number of clinical conditions, medical or psychiatric

Question 12

what does the mini-cog assess? scores?

Answer 12

screens for cognitive impairment in otherwise healthy older adults
3-4-5 low likelihood of dementia
* less than 5 high risk*

Question 13

optic & oculomotor CN nerve #

Answer 13

optic = CN II
oculomotor = CN III

Question 14

normal pupil findings

Answer 14

3-5mm and round

Question 15

what is anisocoria

Answer 15

unequal pupil sizes

Question 16

direct light reflex vs consensual light reflex

Answer 16

direct = same sided pupil
consensual = constriction of other pupil

Question 17

PERRL (A) mnemonic

Answer 17

pupils
eyes
round
react to light
accommodation

Question 18

key elements of motor function

Answer 18

facial (CN VII)
upper & lower extremity strength

Question 19

what is crepitus?

Answer 19

grating or crackling sensation/sound when joint moves

Question 20

kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

Answer 20

kyphosis = hunching over
lordosis = larger abdominal
scoliosis = lateral curvature

Question 21

active vs passive ROM

Answer 21

active = pt does the lifting for you
passive = examiner moves it for you

Question 22

abduction vs adduction

Answer 22

abduction = movement of limb away from body
adduction = movement of limb towards body

Question 23

internal rotation vs external rotation

Answer 23

internal = limb towards body
external = limb away from body

Question 24

tone: hypertonic vs hypotonic

Answer 24

hypertonic = rigid really stiff
hypotonic (flaccid) = flaps

Question 25

what are contractures?

Answer 25

permanent shortening of muscles or tendons that cause joint to shorten & become stiff

Question 26

muscle strength scale

Answer 26

0-5, 5+ is the strongest

Question 27

romberg test (balance)

Answer 27

20 second with eyes closed, checks for swaying
*negative response = good
*positive response = bad

Question 28

orthostatic hypotension measures and values

Answer 28

symptoms of dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, tachycardia, pallor or fainting when the patient changes from supine to standing
greater than or equal to 20 mmHg systolic
OR
greater than or equal to 10 mmHg diastolic

Question 29

how to minimize risk of thrombus

Answer 29

-foot exercises
-provide fluids
-frequent position changes
-SCD and TED hose
-medication

Question 30

what is atelectasis & how do we prevent it?

Answer 30

partial or complete collapse of alveoli/lung
prevention
-mobilization or high fowlers
-cough or deep breaths
-increase fluid intake
-incentive spirometer (every 1-2 hrs, 10x ever hour)

Question 31

what does an incentive spirometer help with?

Answer 31

open airways, clear out airways, & expand