week 1

Question 1

define health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

define wellness

Answer 2

dynamic state of health in which an individual actively progresses toward a higher level of functioning, achieving an optimal balance between internal & external environments

Question 3

define health promotion & example

Answer 3

activities that help persons maintain or enhance their present level of health and reduce their risk of developing certain disease
ex: exercise

Question 4

define disease

Answer 4

malfunctioning or maladaptation of biological or psychological processes (must be diagnosed by a health professional to be a disease)

Question 5

define illness

Answer 5

abnormal process in which any aspect of a person’s functioning is diminished or impaired compared with their condition

Question 6

acute illness & example

Answer 6

short duration & severe
ex: influenza

Question 7

chronic illness & example

Answer 7

persist longer than 6 months
ex: COPD

Question 8

define risk factor

Answer 8

any internal or external variable that makes a person or group more vulnerable to illness or an unhealthy event

Question 9

define illness prevention & example

Answer 9

health education programs or activities directed toward protecting patients from threats or potential threats to health and minimizing risk factors
ex: annual physical exam

Question 10

define adverse event & example

Answer 10

an injury caused by care delivered that delays discharge and/or results in disability
ex: pt falls & a traumatic brain injury occurs

Question 11

patient safety: environmental safety

Answer 11

-side rails up
-bed in lowest position
-bed wheels locked
-call light within reach
-adequate lighting
-personal items within reach
-floor clear of clutter
-mobility aids within reach
-patient comfortable
-fall precaution identifiers
-oxygen equipment connected & working
-ambu bag nearby

Question 12

subjective vs objective data

Answer 12

subjective: symptom →anything verbal the pt says
objective: sign →anything you can hear, see, smell, or touch (observed)

Question 13

primary vs secondary source

Answer 13

primary: patient
secondary: anything or anyone else besides the pt

Question 14

what do medical doctors do compared to nurses in regards to disease

Answer 14

medical doctor: diagnosis a disease
nurse: how the medical diagnosis is affecting the pt

Question 15

techniques of physical assessment & describe

Answer 15

1. inspection →look, listen, & smell
2. palpation →touch
3. percussion →tap w/ fingertips for sound
4. auscultation →listening to body sounds

Question 16

what is the diaphragm & bell used for?

Answer 16

diaphragm →high frequency (lung & heart)
bell →low frequency (blood vessels)

Question 17

signs and symptoms may be _____ for older adults

Answer 17

subtle

Question 18

define colonization

Answer 18

presence & growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage

Question 19

define infection

Answer 19

the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting in disease

Question 20

define infectious disease

Answer 20

communicable & transmissible

Question 21

what is a Health Care Associated Infection (HAIS) & example

Answer 21

any type of infection that was sustained in the hospital
ex: leaving a catheter in which can lead to uti

Question 22

just because you are exposed to an infection does that mean you are going to get it?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

best way to break the chain of infection?

Answer 23

hand hygiene, PPE, and vaccine screening

Question 24

asepsis vs medical asepsis

Answer 24

asepsis: absence of pathogenic microorganisms
medical asepsis: reduce but do not eliminate transmission of disease-causing microorganisms

Question 25

universal precautions (1985) & what doesn’t apply to this?

Answer 25

prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens from exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials (semen, vaginal secretions, saliva, bodily fluids, HIV)
does not apply to sputum, feces, sweat, emesis, urine, & nasal secretions

Question 26

standard precautions (1996)

Answer 26

prevent and control infection and its spread to all persons with every bodily fluid EXCEPT sweat may contain transmissible infectious agents

Question 27

when do we wash our hands with soap and water?

Answer 27

-hands are visibly dirty
-exposure to C. diff
-exposure to infectious diarrhea
-exposure to Bacillus anthracis
-before eating
-after using the restroom

Question 28

donning sequence

Answer 28

-gown
-mask
-goggles
-gloves

Question 29

doffing sequence

Answer 29

-gloves
-googles
-gown
-mask

Question 30

contact precautions & examples where we would use this

Answer 30

direct patient or environmental contact
ex: infectious wound (MRSA) surface area, C. diff, VRE

Question 31

droplet precautions & examples where we would use this

Answer 31

respiratory tract transmission over short distance (3 ft)
ex: influenza & meningitis

Question 32

airborne precautions & examples where we would use this

Answer 32

remains in the air longer, infective over time and greater distance
ex: SARS, tuberculosis

Question 33

protective environment & examples where we would use this

Answer 33

limited patient population
immunocompromised, bone transplant, & cancer
negative pressure room: prevent microbes inside from outside
positive pressure room: prevent microbes outside to inside

Question 34

intrapersonal vs interpersonal

Answer 34

intrapersonal: say about yourself
interpersonal: one on one

Question 35

small group vs public vs electronic

Answer 35

small group: limited # of people
public: wider audience →community event
electronic: email, charting, contacting physicians

Question 36

nurse-patient relationship phases

Answer 36

-pre-interaction: chart
-orientation: meet & get to know each other
-working: solve problems
-termination

Question 37

active listening: SOLER

Answer 37

sit facing the pt
open position
lean toward the patient
eye contact
relax

Question 38

empathy vs sympathy example

Answer 38

empathy: “im so sorry that must be devastating”
sympathy: “im so sorry”

Question 39

two important therapeutic communication techniques that are almost opposites of each other

Answer 39

touch & silence

Question 40

aphasia vs dysarthria

Answer 40

aphasia = lost their ability to understand or express speech as a result of brain damage
dysarthria = difficulty physically speaking but pt can understand you

Question 41

how to help communication with a pt who is hearing impaired, vision loss, unresponsive, & language barrier

Answer 41

hearing impaired = use lots of body language
vision loss = bigger print & identify each step
unresponsive = talk normally with normal tone
language = get interpreter