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HUMB1008 - Integrated Applied Anatomy > Week 3 - spine - noncontractile > Flashcards

Week 3 - spine - noncontractile Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral column & IVD - how many & function

A

33 vertebrae, 23 IVDs
Function:
- Protection
- Support weight
- Movement (except sacrum and coccyx)
- Muscle attachment

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2
Q

Which vertebrae doesn’t have a body?

A

C1 - Atlas

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3
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Pedicles & lamina

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4
Q

Zygopophyses

A

Articular process that articulate with the vertebrae above and below.

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5
Q

Pars interarticularis

A

Posterior to transverse process, between superior and inferior articular process
A common site for stress fractures

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6
Q

C1 & C2 joint

A

Atlantoaxial joint - synovial pivot

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7
Q

Uncinate processes

A

Articular surface bilaterally next to the body of vertebrae C3-7

They make up the unco-vertebral joint

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8
Q

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

A

Body - Small rectangular, with uncinate process
Vertebral foramen - Large triangular
Transverse processes - Short
Spinous process - Bifid
Articular/facet joint - Oblique horizontal
Other - Foramen transversarium (C1-C6)

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9
Q

THORACIC VERTEBRAE

A

Body - Heart shaped
Vertebral foramen - Circular small
Transverse processes - Long with articulation facets for ribs
Spinous process - Long postero-inferior
Articular/facet joint - Articular process, near vertical (stop
signal with hand)
Other - Costal facets for rib

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10
Q

LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

A

Body - Large kidney shaped
Vertebral foramen - Triangular medium sized
Transverse processes - Long with accessory process
Spinous process - Short thick
Articular/facet joint - Near vertical (AFL goal umpire signal)
on oblique plane
Other - Accessory process, mamillary
process

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11
Q

Sacrum - how many vertebrae, foramina and what does the base and apex articulate with?

A

5 fused sacral vertebrae in adults
4 pairs of sacral foramina
Base: articulates with the L5 at the
lumbosacral angle
Apex: articulates with coccyx

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12
Q

Coccyx - how many vertabrae, and what muscles attach here?

A

4 fused coccygeal vertebrae in adults
Variations are common
May weight-bear during sitting
Attachment point for gluteus maximus
and coccygeal muscles

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13
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint type

A

Synovial condyloid joint - “yes” joint

Cranium & C1

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14
Q

Atlanto-axial joint type

A

Synovial pivot “no” joint

C1 & C2

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15
Q

Uncovertebral joint C3-C7

A

Joints at the sides of bodies connecting the above and below

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16
Q

Zygapophysial joints

A

The joint which articulates each vertebrae

The joint is made up of inferior articular process of superior vertebrae & superior articular surface of inferior vertebrae

17
Q

What are the difference between zygapophysial joints when talking cervical, thoracic, lumbar?

A

Cervical - (oblique) 45 degrees; frontal plane; all movements are possible such as flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation.
Thoracic - (stop) 60 degrees; frontal plane; lateral flexion and rotation (35 degrees); no flexion/extension.
Lumbar - (umpire) 90 degrees; sagittal plane; flexion and extension & rotation (10 degrees).

18
Q

What is the outer and inner part of an inter-vertebral disc?

A

Outer - Annulus fibrosus - limit the amount of torsional rotation and bending motions
Inner - Nucleus pulposus - providing the spine with shock absorption during movement

19
Q

Name the vertebral end plates, where they are found, what it is made of

A

Inferior and superior vertebral ‘end plate’, found between the vertebral body and the IVD, it is made of hyaline cartilage and connects to the IVD

20
Q

Lordosis

A

The natural curve in the spine - lumbar

21
Q

IVD primary function

A

Bind vertebrae together and absorb shock

22
Q

Transverse ligament of atlas Att., Limits

A

Attachments:
Atlas (C1) medial to
atlanto-occipital joint
bilaterally.

Limits: The dens of the
Axis (C2) sliding posteriorly
into the spinal cord.

23
Q

Nuchal ligament Att., Limits (nuchal means neck)

A

Attachments:
Superior: external occipital
protuberance
Inferior: Cervical spinous processes until C7

Limits: head falling forward

Other: thick fibroelastic tissue,
continuous with supraspinous
ligament

24
Q

Supraspinous ligament Att., Limits

A

Attachments:
Superior: C7 tip of spinous process
Inferior: sacrum

Limits: Flexion

Other: makes palpating interspinous
gap harder

25
Q

Interspinous ligament Att., Limits

A

Attachments:
Superior: superior spinous process
Inferior: inferior spinous process

Limits: anterior translation, flexion

26
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament Att., Limits

A

Attachments:
Superior: anterior C1 vertebra and
the occipital bone
Inferior: anterior sacrum

Limits: hyperextension (the only one
that does)

Other: strong fibrous band

27
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament Att., Limits

A

Attachments:
Superior: C2 discs and vertebral
bodies
Inferior: posterior sacrum

Limits: hyperflexion. Prevent or
redirect discal protrusions.

Other: Narrow band, inside canal

28
Q

Ligamentum flavum (yellow ligament) Att., Limits

A

Attachments:
Superior: lamina of superior vertebra
Inferior: lamina of inferior vertebra

Limits: flexion.

Other: NOT continuous. Thick yellow
elastic tissue. Only over the anterior
aspect of the facet joints. Can thicken
substantially in the lumbar spine, taking
up space within the spinal canal.

29
Q

Spinal stenosus

A

Narrowing of spinal canal which puts pressure of spinal cord

30
Q

Other ligaments of the vertebral column

A

Inter-transverse ligament, Costotransverse ligament, joint capsule of zygapophyseal joint

31
Q

Movements of the vertebral column (3) neck, (3) trunk

A

Lateral flexion (neck)
≈ 35 degrees
Flexion & Extension (neck)
≈ 60 degrees & 40 degrees
Rotation (neck)
≈ 50 degrees
Lateral flexion (trunk)
≈ 40 degrees
Flexion & Extension (trunk)
≈ 85 degrees & 60 degrees
Rotation (trunk)
≈ 40 degrees

32
Q

Factors affecting movements of the vertebral column

A

Age, IVD elasticity, joint, ligaments, muscle tone, rib cage, muscle bulk

33
Q

Cauda equina made up of spinal nerves or nerve roots?

A

Nerve roots

34
Q

Myotome

A

A myotome is a unilateral mass of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve

35
Q

Myotomes movements L2-S2

A

L2: hip flexion
L3: knee extension
L4: ankle dorsi-flexion
L5: hallux extension
S1: ankle plantar-flexion/ankle eversion/hip extension / knee flexion
S2: hallux flexion

36
Q

Oxford scale grade 0-5

A

Muscle Strength Grading Scale

37
Q

Myotomes C1-T1

A

C1/C2: neck flexion/extension
C3: neck lateral flexion
C4: shoulder elevation
C5: shoulder abduction
C6: elbow flexion/wrist extension
C7: elbow extension/wrist flexion
C8: FDP/EPL
T1: finger adduction (MCPJ’s in 90° flexion, PIPJ’s & DIPJ’s fully extended)

HUMB1008 - Integrated Applied Anatomy (30 decks)

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