Week 3 - Punishment And Stimulus Control

Question 1

What are the 2 ways of punishing?

Answer 1

1) add (+) a stimulus (positive punishment)

2) remove (-) a stimulus (negative punishment)

Question 2

If it doesn’t ___________ the behaviour it is NOT a punisher

Answer 2

DECREASE

Question 3

What are 3 variables effecting punishment?

Answer 3

1) contingency (degree of correlation)
2) contiguity (nearness of events)
3) Intensity

Question 4

What is the “introductory intensity of punishment”?

Is there an ethical consideration?

Answer 4

Using and EFFECTIVE level of punishment from the BEGINNING is very important

Ethical considerations… yes

Question 5

What’s an acceptable level of intensity?

Answer 5

An effective punishment would be one you are NOT WILLING to inflict upon yourself

(Would need a 3rd party to do it)

Question 6

Is it good to have an alternative source of reinforcement when using punishment?

Answer 6

Yes

Providing other reinforcement that maintains the punished behaviour will suppress the behaviour more effectively

Question 7

What are 7problems with punishment?

Answer 7

1) use of punishment reinforces the PERSON doing the punishing

2) escape and avoidance

3) aggression (often a form of escape, negatively reinforced)

4) apathy (organism may just ‘do nothing’)

5) DOESN’T teach acceptable behaviours

6) abuse

7) imitation of the punisher

Question 8

Is negative punishment preferable?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

How does the premack principle work for reinforcement and punishment

Answer 9

Reinforcement:

High- prob behaviour reinforces low- prob behaviour

Punishment:

Low- prob behaviour punishes high- prob behaviour

Question 10

What is the 3 term contingency in stimulus control (operant conditioning)?

Answer 10

A : B —> C

Antecedent : Behaviour —> Consequence

Stimulus : Response —> Outcome

Question 11

What is the controlling stimulus? (S)

Answer 11

Any stimulus or event that changes the probability of an operant behaviour

Reinforcers and punishers

Question 12

What is the discriminative stimulus? (Sd)

Answer 12

At stimulus/event that precedes an operant and sets occasion for reinforcement

Question 13

What is the extinction stimulus? (S-delta)

Answer 13

Stimulus/event that precedes an operant and sets occasion for its non-reinforcement

Question 14

What is learning to discriminate?

Answer 14

Occurs when the PRESENCE/ABSENCE on which a response will be followed by reinforcement

Question 15

What is stimulus control?

Answer 15

A CHANGE in operant behaviour that occurs when either a Sd or a S-delta is presented

Ex) walk signs on crosswalks

Ex) strop effect (basically the card game you and Brandyn were playing)

Question 16

What is Differential Outcomes Effort (DOE)

Answer 16

Discrimination training

Proceeds more rapidly

When diff behaviour produce different reinforcers

Question 17

What is stimulus generalization?

Answer 17

Behaviour to occur in situations DIFFERENT than the one which the behaviour was LEARNED

Refer to the PRECISION of stimulus control

Obtained by training in a wide array of settings/stimuli

Question 18

What is concept formation?

What are the 2 aspects?

Answer 18

1) generalization within classes of stimuli

2) discrimination between classes of stimuli