Week 11 - Habit Reversal, Fear/Anxiety Reduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a habitual reversal procedures?

A

A settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is HARD to give up

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of habit behaviour?

A

1) nervous habits

2) tics and Tourette’s disorder

3) stuttering

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3
Q

What counts as nervous habits?

A

Repetitive and/or manipulative behaviours that are most likely to occur when a person experiences heightened tension

Ex) Nail biting, hair pulling, oral habits, thumb sucking, bruxism.

Not typically socially/environmentally reinforced

Have natural physiological reinforcers

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4
Q

What does tics and Tourette’s disorder include?

A

MOTOR tics: repetitive jerking of a muscle in the body

VOCAL tics: repetitive vocal sound/word uttered by a person = no communicative function

Tourette’s disorder: tic disorder involving multiple motor AND vocal tics that have occurred for at LEAST one year

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5
Q

What is a habit behaviour?

A

Stuttering

A speech disfluency in which the individual REPEATS words or syllables, prolongs a word or sound, and/or halts on a word

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6
Q

How do you differentiate a habit DISORDER and a habit BEHAVIOUR

A

When it occurs excessively w/ great frequency, intensity or duration = disorder

When is causes physical DAMAGE to the person = disorder

When it causes chronic distress = disorder

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7
Q

What are 2 “habit reversal” procedures?

A

1) awareness training
- teach discrimination of the habit and its antecedents

2) competing response training
- prompt and reinforce a incompatible response in anticipation of the habit behaviour

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8
Q

What are some examples of competing responses?

A

For motor tics….

Lightly TENSE muscles involved in the tic while holding the body parts still

For vocal tics…..

Slow deep breathing though the nose with mouth closed

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9
Q

Why does the competing response help?

A

Has an inhibitory function when the competing response is incompatible with the habit

Can have a punishing function

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10
Q

Habit reversal may be ineffective for ______ __________ or people with ___________ ___________

A

Young children; intellectual disabilities

Other procedures may need to be incorporated…. DRO, response cost, response blocking

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11
Q

What is the definition of fear and anxiety?

A

When a stimulus situation elicits autonomic nervous system arousal and the individual engages in behaviour to escape or avoid the stimulus situation

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12
Q

What’s a procedure to reduce fear & anxiety

A

Relaxation training
- Involves training behaviours that produce bodily responses incompatible with autonomic arousal
- requires practice

3 main components:
1) muscle tension reduction
2) relaxed breathing
3) attention focusing

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13
Q

What’s progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)?

A

Person practices systematically tensing and relaxing each of the major
muscles in their body

Trains a response that can relieve that tension

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14
Q

What is diaphragmatic breathing (deep/belly breathing)?

A

Focus on slow, deep rhythmic breathing to promote relaxation

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15
Q

What is attention focusing exercises?

A

Focus on neutral words, images or tasks to REMOVE attention from anxiety producing stimuli

Built into PMR and diaphragmatic breathing

Ex) hypnosis, meditation etc…

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16
Q

What is behavioural relaxation training (BRT)?

A

Person assumes a relaxed posture in all of the major muscle groups of the body to achieve relaxation

Prompts and reinforcement are used

17
Q

What is desensitization?

A

Logic is based on the idea that fear and anxiety are learned respondent behaviours

Desensitization = extinction

18
Q

What is systematic desensitization?

A

REPLACE anxiety using relaxation techniques as the person IMAGINES the fearful situation

Gradually move through a hierarchy of fear producing stimuli

Hopefully relaxation generalizes to the actual fear situation

19
Q

What is in vivo desensitization?

A

Systematic desensitization with NON-IMAGINED stimuli

Maintain relaxation while approaching the ACTUAL feared stimulus

20
Q

How is VR used?

A

Use of virtual reality and other technologies to make desensitization more realistic as well as practical and controlled

Up- front cost for hardware and software is quite high but rapidly becoming cheaper and more effective

21
Q

What is “flooding”?

A

Client is exposed to feared stimulus at FULL intensity until fear responses subside

Rarely used with INTENSE phobias

Can be difficult to administer (ethical issues)