Week 3 Flashcards
Psychodynamic Personality
- Our personality is influenced by theconscious + unconscious
- We are motivated by instincts & drive
- Id, ego, & superego
- Our personality as adults are rootedin childhood experiences
- Psychic determinism:All thoughts, feelings, & behaviours have a cause
Psychodynamic Consciousness | Topographic Model
- Conscious: contact with outside world(e.g. thoughts, feelings, perceptions)
- Preconscious: material just beneath the surface of awareness(e.g. memories, stored knowledge)
- Unconscious: difficult to retrieve material;well below the surface of awareness(e.g. fears, violent motives, immoral urges, irrational wishes, shameful experiences, unacceptable sexual desires)
Psychodynamic Drive/ Instinct Model
- Two basic drives motivate all thoughts, emotions, & behaviours:
Sex or libido (life) desire for pleasure, sensuality, love, sexual intercourse, procreation - Aggression (death) elimination of enemies, prevention of harm
Psychodynamic Structural Model
- ID
- Ego
- Superego
Structural Model ID
- Reservoir of sexual & aggressive energy
- Primitive, instinctive component
- Primary process thinking (e.g. wishful, illogical)
- “Pleasure principle” – wants immediate gratification, no regard for consequences
- Unconscious
Structural Model Ego
- Executor (“boss” of personality)
- Decision-making component (mediates id, superego, & reality)
- Secondary process thinking (e.g. rational, logical)
- “Reality principle” – recognises real-world consequences & delays action until practical/appropriate
- Conscious + unconscious
Structural Model Superego
- Conscience & source of ideals
- Moral component
- “Morality principle” – motivates us to behave in socially responsible & acceptable manner
- Conscious + unconscious
Psychodynamic Defence Mechanisms
- Unconscious mental processes aimed at protecting person from unpleasant emotions / bolstering pleasurable emotions
- People regulate emotions & deal with conflicts by employing defence mechanisms
- Some negative emotions can be produced by intrapsychic conflict between id, ego, & superego (e.g. anxiety)
Defence Types Psychodynamic
Repression Denial Regression Reaction-formation Projection Displacement Rationalisation Intellectualisation Identification with aggressor Sublimation
Repression
The motivated failure to acknowledge distressing internal experiences
- Women forget the pain of childbirth
- An abused child cannot remember the abuse but has trouble forming relationships
Sublimation
Transforming a socially unacceptable impulse into an admired goal
- Somebody with anger issues begins to use that energy to workout
Identification with Aggressor
Adopting the characteristics of individuals whom we find threatening
Intellectualism
Avoidance of emotions by focusing on abstract impersonal thoughts
- Using logical thought processes instead of emotional
Rationalism
Thinking of a reasonable-sounding explanation for unreasonable behaviour
Displacement
Directing an impulse from a socially unacceptable target onto a safer target
- Yelling at your partner after you’ve had a bad day at work
Projection
The unconscious attribution of our negative characteristics to others
Reaction Formation
Transformation of an anxiety-producing emotion into its opposite
- A homosexual being heterosexually promiscuous
Regression
Psychologically returning to a younger age
- A person suffering a mental breakdown assumes the fatal position, rocking and crying
Denial
The motivated failure to acknowledge distressing external experiences
- Not accepting and believing a death of a loved one
Psychosexual Theory of Personality Development
- Personality development involves passing through several psychosexual stages in childhood
- At each stage, libido focuses on different erogenous zone
- Difficulties during any of these stages => fixations, conflicts, concerns that persist into adulthood
Psychosexual Scale
0-1 Oral 2-3 Anal 4-6 Phallic 7-11 Latency 12 onwards Genital
Oral Personality Development
- Erogenous zone: mouth, lips, tongue
- Pleasure from: feeding, biting, sucking, etc.
- Fixation characteristics in adulthood:dependency issues, oral behaviour(e.g. smoking, overeating, nail-biting)
Anal Personality Development
- Erogenous zone: anus
- Pleasure from: bowel movements
- Fixation characteristics in adulthood: overly orderly/messy, stubborn
Phallic Personality Development
- Erogenous zone: genitals
- Pleasure from: genitals
- Oedipus complex
- Fixation characteristics in adulthood: extreme masculinity/femininity, vanity, recklessness