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Microbiology Lab > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

Chapter 2,3 and 26

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Epidemiology

A

the study of how a specific agent survives and spreads through a community

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2
Q

Disease Transmission

A

the actual way the infectious agent spreads

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3
Q

Examples of Disease Transmission

A
  • handshake
  • kiss
  • cough
  • biological vectors (ex: mosquito)
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4
Q

Portal of Entry

A

Entrance-way through which a specific microbe is able to invade a host

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5
Q

Examples of Portals of Entry

A
  • Gastrointestinal tract
  • Respiratory tract
  • Conjunctiva
  • Skin
  • Urogenital Tract (STD)
  • Pregnancy and birth
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6
Q

Reservoir of Infection

A

Any object, living or non-living, that allows a microbe to grow, reproduce, and maintain its ability to remain infective
ex: makeup, nose-drops, eye-drops

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7
Q

Fomites

A

a non-living object capable of allowing a microbe to survive but not reproduce

  • an inanimate object that can serve as a vehicle for the spread of disease
  • proper and consistent hand washing controls fomite transmission
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8
Q

Examples of Fomites

A
  • test tubes
  • books
  • pens
  • cell phones
  • stethoscope
  • syringes
  • call buttons
  • bed linens
  • toilet seats
  • door knobs
  • diner plate
  • forks, spoons, knives
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9
Q

Hand Washing

A

the single most important method of controlling microbes in a clinical setting
-every person alive is a host to about 100 trillion bacterial cells
>outnumber human cells

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10
Q

Isolation Streak Plate

A

Utilized to separate individual bacteria from mixtures

  • most widely used method of obtaining a pure culture
  • samples from patients and the environment are mixtures of different bacteria
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11
Q

Goal of The Isolation Streak Plate

A

Goal of a streak plate is to thin out the number of bacteria on a plate to get isolated colonies

  • all members of the colony are genetically identical and arose from a single bacterial cell
  • isolated colonies are needed for all tests and procedures
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12
Q

Pure Cultures are needed to:

A
  • carry out biochemical testing for identification purposes
  • determine antibiotic sensitivity
  • determining nutritional and growth requirements
  • study the organism and the disease it causes
  • develop vaccines
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13
Q

Spread-plate method

A
  • sample is pipetted onto surface of agar plate
  • sample is spread evenly over surface of agar using sterile glass spreader
  • Incubation
  • Typical spread-plate results (surface colonies)
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14
Q

Pour-plate method

A
  • sample is pipetted into sterile plate
  • sterile medium is added and mixed well with inoculum
  • Incubation
  • Typical pour-plate results (subsurface colonies, surface colonies)
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15
Q

Robert Koch

A

He and his team developed many of the techniques used to isolate bacteria in pure cultures

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16
Q

Agar

A

substance derived from seaweed

  • melts at 100 Degrees Celsius
  • remains liquid above 45 Degrees Celsius
  • solidifies completely at 40 Degrees Celsius

-Agar provides a solid surface to grow bacteria–> isolated colonies

17
Q

Colony

A

clump of bacteria growing on a solid surface

  • every cell in the colony arose from a single cell
  • every cell in the colony is genetically identical
18
Q

Media

A

-Synthetic growth media is used in laboratories to culture (grow) bacteria
Media must provide the nutrients an organism needs to grow:
-a nitrogen source (peptones or amino acids)
-Carbohydrates
-minerals (sulfur, phosphorous)
-buffers to maintain pH
-vitamins may also be added

19
Q

Forms of Media

A
  • Agar Plate
  • Agar Deep Tube
  • Broth
  • Agar Slant
20
Q

Tryptic Soy Media

A 
Contains:
-Dextrose (carbohydrate)
-Tryptone (milk casein)
-Soybean Protein
-Salt
Media is available in both broth and agar forms
21
Q

Making Media

A
  • Powdered media dissolved in distilled water
  • Media is dispensed into tubes or bottles
  • Autoclave to sterilize
22
Q

Making Media: Autoclave

A

Used to Sterilize

  • Temperature: 121 Degrees Celsius
  • 15 lbs of pressure per square inch
  • 15 minutes- kills vegetative bacteria, fungi, viruses and endospores (spores)
23
Q

Tools + Equipment: Incubator

A

holds a constant temperature, used to grow bacterial cultures

24
Q

Tools + Equipment: Incinerator

A

device used to sterilize inoculating tools (needle, loop)

25
Q

Transferring Bacterial Cultures

A

Follow aseptic techniques when handling bacteria:

  • never put caps or inoculating tools on the bench top
  • flame the tops of the tubes before and after each transfer
  • flame the inoculating tools in the incinerator at the start and end of every transfer
26
Q

Aseptic Technique

A

method of handling microbes and materials in a way that minimizes conatmination

27
Q

Inoculation

A

the process of transferring a microbe from one medium to the next
-we transfer microorganisms from one medium to another for further study or to maintain cultures

28
Q

Inoculum

A

sample being transferred

29
Q

Tools + Equipment: Inoculating loop, needle

A

tools used to transfer bacteria from a culture to sterile media
(used to transfer an inoculum)
-Loop: used for most of the transfer procedures done in class
-Needle: used for techniques that require stabbing into the agar such as is done with the triple sugar iron (TSI) slant

30
Q

Turbidity

A

tubes uniformly cloudy

31
Q

Flocculent

A

flecks or chunks of bacterial growth scattered throughout the tube

32
Q

Sediment

A

growth settled onto the bottom of the tube

33
Q

Pellicle

A

film of bacteria covering the surface

34
Q

Ring

A

growth only around the edge

35
Q

Successful Isolation Streak Plate

A
  • First Streak Area- shows heavy confluent growth
  • Second Streak Area- can see that the growth is starting to thin out and some individual colonies are staring to appear
  • Third Streak Area- thinner growth, and isolated colonies appear
36
Q

Salmonella Gastroenteritis Symptoms

A
  • diarrhea (three or more loose bowel movements during a 24-hour period)
  • abdominal cramping
  • fever
  • muscle aches
  • bloody stools
37
Q

Normal Biota

A

Microbes

ex: Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium acnes
- harmless and some are beneficial
- usually difficult to remove from skin

38
Q

Transient Organisms

A

found on skin for short periods of time but do not grow there (temporary)

  • acquired by contact with contaminated surfaces and are usually easily removed
  • some cause disease
39
Q

Opportunistic Pathogens

A

an infectious microorganism that does not harm its host but can cause disease when the hosts resistance is low

Microbiology Lab (19 decks)

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