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Microbiology Lab > Chapter 1: week 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1: week 1 Flashcards

with practice 4 + 5

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 Concepts Of Microscopy

A
  1. Magnification
  2. Contrast
  3. Resolving Power/ Resolution
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2
Q

3 Concepts of Microscopy: Magnification

A

the amount that the image of an object is enlarged

the number of times the image is enlarged

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3
Q

3 Concepts of Microscopy: Contrast

A

the degree to which image details stand out against its background
(striking difference between similar objects)
-we use stains to increase contrast

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4
Q

3 Concepts of Microscopy: Resolving power/ Resolution

A

the ability of a lens to separate between small objects that are close together
(quality of lens)

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5
Q

Field of View

A

when looking into the oculars, the portion of the slide that can be observed

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6
Q

Parfocal

A

when you change from one objective to another, the specimen will remain very nearly in focus

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7
Q

Parcentral

A

when changing objectives the specimen will stay in the center of the field of view
(when focused properly)

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8
Q

Use of Light in Microscopy

A

to be able to see objects (specimen) through a microscope, light must be either reflected from the object or transmitted through the object

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9
Q

Properties of Light

A
  1. Reflection
  2. Transmission
  3. Absorption
  4. Refraction
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10
Q

Properties of Light: Reflection

A

Light may be reflected back from the object
(bounce off as it hits object)
-the particular wavelengths reflected back to the eye determine the perceived color

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11
Q

Properties of Light: Transmission

A

refers to the passage of light through an object

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12
Q

Properties of Light: Absorption

A

if light rays neither pass through nor bounce off, but are taken up by the object
-the absorbed light rays are reemitted as longer wavelengths, a phenomenon known as fluorescence

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13
Q

Properties of Light: Refraction

A

the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of a different density

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14
Q

Types of Microscopes

A
  1. Light Microscope

2. Electron Microscope

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15
Q

Types of Microscopes: Light Microscope

A

-maximum magnification = 2000x
-living or non-living specimens
-color image
(use visible light)

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16
Q

Types of Microscopes: Electron Microscope

A
  • Maximum Magnification = 1,000,000x or more
  • non-living specimens only
  • black and white image
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17
Q

Types of Light Microscopes

A
  1. Stereo-dissecting Light

2. Compound Light

18
Q

Types of Light Microscopes: Stereo-dissecting Light

A
  • 3D view of specimen = used to view large specimens
    ex: frogs, worms, insects
  • illuminated from above and below
  • Magnification up to 45x
19
Q

Types of Light Microscope: Compound Light

A

-2D views of the specimen = used to view thin sections of specimens

20
Q

Types of Electron Microscopes

A
  1. Scanning (SEM)

2. Transmission (TEM)

21
Q

Types of Electron Microscopes: Scanning (SEM)

A

-3D views of specimens = used to view external surfaces of specimens
(think about scanning the outside (external))

22
Q

Types of Electron Microscopes: Transmission (TEM)

A

-2D views of specimens = used to view internal structures of species
(think about transmission= through so you see internally (inside))

23
Q

Microscope Parts

A
  • Oculars/Eyepieces
  • Body/Body Tube
  • Arm
  • Nosepiece
  • Objectives
  • Stage/ Mechanical Stage
  • Stage adjustment knobs
  • Rheostat
  • Substage Condenser
  • Diaphragm control dial
  • Light source/ illuminator
  • Base
  • Fine adjustment knob
  • Coarse adjustment knob
24
Q

Microscope Parts: Oculars/ Eyepieces

A

magnify the image 10 fold.
(re-magnifies the image formed by the objective lenses)
-oculars move to accommodate your interpupillary distance- distance between the pupils of your eyes

25
Q

Microscope Parts: Body/ Body Tube

A

contains mirrors that bend the light into the ocular

transmits the image from the objective lens to the ocular lens

26
Q

Microscope Parts: Nosepiece/ Revolving nosepiece

A

the objectives are attached

-grab black ring of nosepiece to rotate the objectives

27
Q

Microscope Parts: Objectives

A

contain lenses that magnify the image

-it has 4x(scanning), 10x(low power), 40x(high dry power), and 100x(oil immersion)

28
Q

Microscope Parts: Arm

A

supports the nosepiece, holds the on/ off toggle and focus adjustment knobs

29
Q

Microscope Parts: Stage/ Mechanical stage

A

black, flat platform on which your slide rests

30
Q

Microscope Parts: Stage adjustment knob

A

moves the mechanical stage

-left, right, toward or away from you

31
Q

Microscope Parts: Rheostat

A

increases or decreases light output from the light source

32
Q

Microscope Parts: Substage Condenser

A

made of atleast 2 lenses that focus the light passing through the specimen and improve image sharpness

33
Q

Microscope Parts: Diaphragm control dial

A

controls the amount of light entering the substage condenser from the light source (adjusts the light)
(has each objectives magnificaton as light power
ex. 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x)

34
Q

Microscope Parts: Light source/ Illuminator

A

illuminator is a halogen bulb that produces light

light source

35
Q

Microscope Parts: Base

A

holds the light source and supports rest of microscope

36
Q

Microscope Parts: Fine adjustment knob

A

possible to bring the image into sharp focus when rotating the knob.

  • Raises + Lowers the stage in small increments
  • use with high dry 40x and oil immersion 100x
37
Q

Microscope Parts: Coarse adjustment knob

A

moves the stage up and down by larger increments and allows you to bring the image into focus
-use with scanning 4x and low power 10x only

38
Q

Total Magnification

A

the magnification, or power of a lens is indicated by a whole number followed by an “X”
-the total magnification of a microscope is obtained by multiplying the power of the ocular times the power of the objective

39
Q

Formula for Total Magnification

A

TM = Ocular Power X Objective Power

40
Q

Total Magnification for each objective

A

Name Ocular Mag. Objective Mag. Total Mag.
Scanning 10x x 4x = 40x
low 10x x 10x = 100x
High 10x x 40x = 400x
Oil 10x x 100x = 1000x

41
Q

Working Distance

A

approximate distance from the objective to the specimen (slide)
-working distance decreases as you increase magnification by changing objectives

42
Q

Depth of Field

A

refers to the thickness of the plane of focus

  • with a large depth of field, all the threads can be in focused at the same time
  • with a smaller or narrower depth of field, only one thread or part of one thread can be focused, everything else will be out of focus

Microbiology Lab (19 decks)

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