Chemotherapy Terminology

Question 1

Chemotherapeutic Drug

Answer 1

any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease

Question 2

Prophylaxis

Answer 2

use of a drug to prevent potential for infection of a person at risk

Question 3

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Answer 3

the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infection

Question 4

Antimicrobials

Answer 4

all inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin

Question 5

Antibiotics

Answer 5

substance produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms

Question 6

Semisynthetic Drugs

Answer 6

drugs that are chemically modified in the lab after being isolated from natural sources

Question 7

Synthetic Drugs

Answer 7

antimicrobial compounds synthesized in the lab through chemical reactions

Question 8

Narrow Spectrum

Answer 8

(limited spectrum)

-antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types

Question 9

Broad Spectrum

Answer 9

(extended spectrum)

-antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types

Question 10

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

Answer 10

the smallest concentration of drug in the series that visibly inhibits growth (tube dilution test for multiwell plate)

Question 11

Therapeutic Index (TI)

Answer 11

ratio of the dose of the drug that is toxic to humans

Question 12

Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test

Answer 12

• all labs that do this test must follow same standards
• Standardized procedure for determining bacterial resistance
• Media: Mueller-Hinton Agar (must be 4 mm deep)
• Amount of bacteria: 0.5 McFarland Turbidity Standard (150 million bacterial cells per mL of liquid)
• Age of Culture: for set up: 2-6 hours old
• Time plates are incubated: 18-24 hours
• Temperature of incubation: 35 _+ 2 Degrees C

Question 13

Media used for Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test

Answer 13

Mueller- Hinton Agar (must be 4 mm deep)

Question 14

The time plates are incubated for Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test

Answer 14

18-24 hours

Question 15

Temperature of incubation for Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test

Answer 15

35 +_ 2 Degrees C

Question 16

Mechanism of Drug Action: How Antibiotics Work

Answer 16

• inhibition of cell wall synthesis
• inhibition of protein synthesis
• inhibition of structures and functions of DNA + RNA
• Blocks a key metabolic pathway
• Breakdown of the cell membrane function or structures

Question 17

Amount of Bacteria needed for Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test

Answer 17

0.5 McFarland Turbidity Standard

150 million bacterial cells per mL of liquid

Question 18

Age of Culture for set up for Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test

Answer 18

2-6 hours