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Microbiology Lab > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fungal Body (Mycelium, Mycelial mat)

A

a visible collection of hyphae

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2
Q

Rhizoids

A

rootlike structures that anchor the fungal body

-anchoring hyphae

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3
Q

Hypha (pl. Hyphae)

A

filaments that are long thin strands (fungal filaments)

-classified as septate (have walls separating cells) or aseptate (no cell walls)

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4
Q

List of Fungi

A
  • Candida albicans
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Rhizopus stolonifer
  • Penicillium notatum
  • Aspergillus niger
  • Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii)
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5
Q

Fungi: Candida albicans

A
  • has individual cells
  • has pseudohyphae
  • a pathogenic yeast
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6
Q

Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A
  • has individual cells
  • has budding
  • bakers yeast
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7
Q

Fungi: Rhizopus stolonifer

A 
-has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids
Asexual structures:
-Sporangiophores- supports sporangium
-Sporangium(a)- fruiting body
-Sporangiospores- individual spores on sporangium

Sexual structures:

  • Mating strands (+ and -)- attached to zygosporangium
  • Zygosporangium- fruiting body
  • Zygospores- individual spores on zygosporagium
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8
Q

Fungi: Penicillium notatum

A
  • has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids
  • Asexual reproduction structures:
  • Conidiophore- reproductive hypha that supports the conidiospores (stem)
  • Conidiospores (canidia)- individual spores (small, round to oval structures)
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9
Q

Fungi: Aspergillus niger

A

-has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids
-a pathogen
Asexual reproduction:
-Conidiophore- reproductive hyphae that supports conidiospores (stem)
-Conidiospores- individual spores (black circle; little spores all together)

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10
Q

Fungi: Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii)

A
  • unicellular
  • Asexual reproduction:
  • Mature cyst- 8 trophs inside cyst
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11
Q

Unicellular fungi are called?

A

yeasts

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12
Q

Multicellular forms of fungi are called?

A

molds

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13
Q

How does fungi reproduce?

A
  • sexually and asexually

- sexual reproduction requires the presence of 2 opposite mating types (+ and -)

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14
Q

Heterotrophs

A
  • must obtain nutrients from environment

ex: Fungi

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15
Q

Fungi makes food products….

A
  • cheese
  • bread
  • mushrooms
  • alcoholic beverages
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16
Q

5 Kingdom System

A
  • Kingdom Monera
  • Kingdom Protista
  • Kingdom Fungi
  • Kingdom Plantae
  • Kingdom Animalia
17
Q

Characteristics Used to Classify Organisms

A
  • Cell Type: prokaryotic or eukaryotic
  • Cell Number: single or multicellular
  • Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph
  • Cell Wall Present: what composition
  • Motility: flagella, cilia, pseudopods
  • Morphology (physical appearance)
  • Fossil Record
  • DNA analysis
18
Q

Taxonomy

A

the formal system for classifying and naming living things

19
Q

Binomial System of Nomenclature

A
  • uses 2 names to identify the organism
  • Genus and species is the scientific name
  • Genus starts with a capital letter
  • species with a lower case letter
  • Both are written in italics or underlined
20
Q

Hypha-
Fungal body-
Rhizoid-

A
  • Hypha- fungal filaments; long thin strands
  • Fugal Body- collection of hyphae (mycelium, mycelial mat)
  • Rhizoid- anchoring hyphae; root-like shape
21
Q

The Fruiting Body itself is called?

A

Sporangium

22
Q

Deuteromycetes

A

(fungi imperfecti)

  • includes all of the fungi whose sexual spore has not been identified
  • in order for sexual spores to form, both + and - strands must be present
23
Q

Basidiomycetes

A

(club fungi)
-the sexual spores (basidiospore) are formed by meiosis on special club-shaped structures located on the gills on the underside of the mushroom cap

24
Q

Ascomycetes

A

(sac fungi)

  • includes yeasts, some mushrooms (morels, truffles)
  • includes economically important plant pathogens
25
Q

Examples of Basidiomycetes

A
  • mushrooms
  • puff balls
  • shelf fungi
26
Q

Examples of Ascomycetes

A
  • Saccharomyces
  • Penicillium
  • Aspergillus
  • Candida
27
Q

How does yeasts reproduce?

A

asexually by budding

28
Q

Ascomycetes reproduction

A

reproduce asexually by producing haploid conidiospores at the ends of reproductive hyphae called conidiophores

29
Q

The sexual spore of a zygomycota is called?

A

zygospore

30
Q

The zygomycetes (zygomycota) asexually produce..?

A

spores at the tips of reproductive hyphae called sporangiophores

31
Q

Fungi grow best under what conditions?

A

slightly acidic conditions

  • tolerate high osmotic conditions
  • common spoilers of acidic, salty, or sugary foods
32
Q

Fungi: Cell walls and Filament walls are composed of?

A

Chitin

33
Q

Dimorphism

A
  • can exist in two forms (fungi can)
    1. Molds- multicellular
    2. Yeasts- unicellular
34
Q

Mycology

A

the study of fungi

35
Q

Fungi are critically important as..?

A

Decomposers

  • fungi have the ability to degrade and recycle many complex organic molecules that would otherwise never break down
  • decompose lignin (plant cell wall component), cellulose (plant cell wall composition), and chitin (insect skeletal material)
36
Q

Fungi are very important in the biological control of?

A

Nematodes and as plant partners (symbiosis) in lichen and mycorrhizal relationships

37
Q

What is the causative agent of Candidiasis, thrush, and other diseases?

A

Candida albicans, a yeast

Microbiology Lab (19 decks)

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