Week 2 Flashcards
Fungal Body (Mycelium, Mycelial mat)
a visible collection of hyphae
Rhizoids
rootlike structures that anchor the fungal body
-anchoring hyphae
Hypha (pl. Hyphae)
filaments that are long thin strands (fungal filaments)
-classified as septate (have walls separating cells) or aseptate (no cell walls)
List of Fungi
- Candida albicans
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Rhizopus stolonifer
- Penicillium notatum
- Aspergillus niger
- Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii)
Fungi: Candida albicans
- has individual cells
- has pseudohyphae
- a pathogenic yeast
Fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- has individual cells
- has budding
- bakers yeast
Fungi: Rhizopus stolonifer
-has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids Asexual structures: -Sporangiophores- supports sporangium -Sporangium(a)- fruiting body -Sporangiospores- individual spores on sporangium
Sexual structures:
- Mating strands (+ and -)- attached to zygosporangium
- Zygosporangium- fruiting body
- Zygospores- individual spores on zygosporagium
Fungi: Penicillium notatum
- has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids
- Asexual reproduction structures:
- Conidiophore- reproductive hypha that supports the conidiospores (stem)
- Conidiospores (canidia)- individual spores (small, round to oval structures)
Fungi: Aspergillus niger
-has hypha, fungal body, and rhizoids
-a pathogen
Asexual reproduction:
-Conidiophore- reproductive hyphae that supports conidiospores (stem)
-Conidiospores- individual spores (black circle; little spores all together)
Fungi: Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii)
- unicellular
- Asexual reproduction:
- Mature cyst- 8 trophs inside cyst
Unicellular fungi are called?
yeasts
Multicellular forms of fungi are called?
molds
How does fungi reproduce?
- sexually and asexually
- sexual reproduction requires the presence of 2 opposite mating types (+ and -)
Heterotrophs
- must obtain nutrients from environment
ex: Fungi
Fungi makes food products….
- cheese
- bread
- mushrooms
- alcoholic beverages
5 Kingdom System
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Protista
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics Used to Classify Organisms
- Cell Type: prokaryotic or eukaryotic
- Cell Number: single or multicellular
- Mode of Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph
- Cell Wall Present: what composition
- Motility: flagella, cilia, pseudopods
- Morphology (physical appearance)
- Fossil Record
- DNA analysis
Taxonomy
the formal system for classifying and naming living things
Binomial System of Nomenclature
- uses 2 names to identify the organism
- Genus and species is the scientific name
- Genus starts with a capital letter
- species with a lower case letter
- Both are written in italics or underlined
Hypha-
Fungal body-
Rhizoid-
- Hypha- fungal filaments; long thin strands
- Fugal Body- collection of hyphae (mycelium, mycelial mat)
- Rhizoid- anchoring hyphae; root-like shape
The Fruiting Body itself is called?
Sporangium
Deuteromycetes
(fungi imperfecti)
- includes all of the fungi whose sexual spore has not been identified
- in order for sexual spores to form, both + and - strands must be present
Basidiomycetes
(club fungi)
-the sexual spores (basidiospore) are formed by meiosis on special club-shaped structures located on the gills on the underside of the mushroom cap
Ascomycetes
(sac fungi)
- includes yeasts, some mushrooms (morels, truffles)
- includes economically important plant pathogens
Examples of Basidiomycetes
- mushrooms
- puff balls
- shelf fungi
Examples of Ascomycetes
- Saccharomyces
- Penicillium
- Aspergillus
- Candida
How does yeasts reproduce?
asexually by budding
Ascomycetes reproduction
reproduce asexually by producing haploid conidiospores at the ends of reproductive hyphae called conidiophores
The sexual spore of a zygomycota is called?
zygospore
The zygomycetes (zygomycota) asexually produce..?
spores at the tips of reproductive hyphae called sporangiophores
Fungi grow best under what conditions?
slightly acidic conditions
- tolerate high osmotic conditions
- common spoilers of acidic, salty, or sugary foods
Fungi: Cell walls and Filament walls are composed of?
Chitin
Dimorphism
- can exist in two forms (fungi can)
1. Molds- multicellular
2. Yeasts- unicellular
Mycology
the study of fungi
Fungi are critically important as..?
Decomposers
- fungi have the ability to degrade and recycle many complex organic molecules that would otherwise never break down
- decompose lignin (plant cell wall component), cellulose (plant cell wall composition), and chitin (insect skeletal material)
Fungi are very important in the biological control of?
Nematodes and as plant partners (symbiosis) in lichen and mycorrhizal relationships
What is the causative agent of Candidiasis, thrush, and other diseases?
Candida albicans, a yeast
