Week 3

Question 1

What are some factors which influence the effect drugs

Answer 1

gender, age, body compostion, health, enviroment, route of admistration.

Question 2

Provide an example of how gender/body composition would effect drug use

Answer 2

women have less water and more fat than men, alchohol is a water solubale drug, so when women drink it is more concentrated in their systems.

Question 3

What are Pharmcokinetics

Answer 3

What the body does to the drug

Question 4

What are Pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

what the drug does to the body

Question 5

When are Pharmacokinetics not longer occuring

Answer 5

When the drug is concentrated in the site of action and any step after that Pharmocodynamics are taking place.

Question 6

what are the three processes involved in Pharmacokinetics

Answer 6

Drug absorbtion, distribution and elimination.

Question 7

What are the four processes involved in Pharmocodynamics

Answer 7

Drug is concentrated at site of action, desired effect occures, body response.

Question 8

what is the most common mode of admistering drugs? is it the most effective?

Answer 8

Oral but it is the least effective, more wide spread and potency is not controlled

Question 9

What is intranasal admistration

Answer 9

This is taking drugs by snorting them

Question 10

How are suppositories administered

Answer 10

They are insterted into the anus or vagina to dissovle and be absorded

Question 11

What is sublingual/buccal admistration

Answer 11

This is when drugs are placed into the mouth to dissovle and be absorbed e.g. ld tabs

Question 12

What is transdermal admistration

Answer 12

When drugs are absorbed through the skin

Question 13

What is the quickest method of absorbtion for drugs

Answer 13

Inhalation, which also allows maximum potency

Question 14

What is absorbtion like for drugs that are injected

Answer 14

It is very rapid but there is loss of potency

Question 15

what is distribution

Answer 15

This is how the drug travels in the body to different organs.

Question 16

What makeup does a drug need to pass through the blood brain barrier

Answer 16

it needs to be small, negatively charged and lipid solubale. the more of the compositions of these a drug has the more of a psychocactive effect will be exerted

Question 17

What are the downsides of using vaccines to treat addiction

Answer 17

They change the size of the molecule so it cannot pass the brain and the person will never feel its effects, this is dangerous as the person may take more to feel it and overdose.

Question 18

What two processes can take place during metabolism

Answer 18

Drugs can be broken into smaller peices, or changing water soluable into fat solable and vice versa.

Question 19

how are drugs usually eliminated from the body?

Answer 19

Urine but can also come out through breath, sweat, hair and faeces.

Question 20

What is the plasma half life

Answer 20

the time it takes for plasma concentration of a drug to reduce by half.

Question 21

What is toxinity

Answer 21

this occues when drugs are consumed at rates that exceeds the capacity of the body to breakdown and excrete the drug, as so it accumulates in the blood.

Question 22

How do drugs effect NT

Answer 22

there can mimic receptor sites to cause channels to open and close. they can stop enzymes from reuptaking NT so there effects last longer and they can cause NT to be released. as well as passing directly through the membrane.

Question 23

What is an Agonist

Answer 23

this is a drug which bines to a receptor and exerts the same of similair effect as the NT

Question 24

What is an Antagonist

Answer 24

a drug which binds to the receptor but does not exert any effect. it stop anything from going on it.

Question 25

How does reinforcement contribute to drug taking, mention dopamine.

Answer 25

The drug itself has such a posivite feeling due to the release of dopamine that it reinforces the person to keep doing it

Question 26

What is tolerance

Answer 26

The decreased effectiveness of a drug as a consqeunce of repeated use,

Question 27

what is withdrawal

Answer 27

the physiological chnages that occue when drug use is stopped or decreased.

Question 28

What is cross dependence

Answer 28

This is when you stop withdrawal through taking a different drug which exerts a similair effect

Question 29

what is psychological dependence

Answer 29

Compulsively taking a drug in the absence of physical withdrawal symptoms

Question 30

Define additive

Answer 30

that is the sum of effects a drug can have

Question 31

Define hyperadditive/synergistic

Answer 31

A combination of drugs is greater than individual effects

Question 32

Define Petentiation

Answer 32

this is when a drug that has little effect alone will be magnify the effect of the drug it is taken with