Week 3 Flashcards
What are some factors which influence the effect drugs
gender, age, body compostion, health, enviroment, route of admistration.
Provide an example of how gender/body composition would effect drug use
women have less water and more fat than men, alchohol is a water solubale drug, so when women drink it is more concentrated in their systems.
What are Pharmcokinetics
What the body does to the drug
What are Pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
When are Pharmacokinetics not longer occuring
When the drug is concentrated in the site of action and any step after that Pharmocodynamics are taking place.
what are the three processes involved in Pharmacokinetics
Drug absorbtion, distribution and elimination.
What are the four processes involved in Pharmocodynamics
Drug is concentrated at site of action, desired effect occures, body response.
what is the most common mode of admistering drugs? is it the most effective?
Oral but it is the least effective, more wide spread and potency is not controlled
What is intranasal admistration
This is taking drugs by snorting them
How are suppositories administered
They are insterted into the anus or vagina to dissovle and be absorded
What is sublingual/buccal admistration
This is when drugs are placed into the mouth to dissovle and be absorbed e.g. ld tabs
What is transdermal admistration
When drugs are absorbed through the skin
What is the quickest method of absorbtion for drugs
Inhalation, which also allows maximum potency
What is absorbtion like for drugs that are injected
It is very rapid but there is loss of potency
what is distribution
This is how the drug travels in the body to different organs.
What makeup does a drug need to pass through the blood brain barrier
it needs to be small, negatively charged and lipid solubale. the more of the compositions of these a drug has the more of a psychocactive effect will be exerted
What are the downsides of using vaccines to treat addiction
They change the size of the molecule so it cannot pass the brain and the person will never feel its effects, this is dangerous as the person may take more to feel it and overdose.
What two processes can take place during metabolism
Drugs can be broken into smaller peices, or changing water soluable into fat solable and vice versa.
how are drugs usually eliminated from the body?
Urine but can also come out through breath, sweat, hair and faeces.
What is the plasma half life
the time it takes for plasma concentration of a drug to reduce by half.
What is toxinity
this occues when drugs are consumed at rates that exceeds the capacity of the body to breakdown and excrete the drug, as so it accumulates in the blood.
How do drugs effect NT
there can mimic receptor sites to cause channels to open and close. they can stop enzymes from reuptaking NT so there effects last longer and they can cause NT to be released. as well as passing directly through the membrane.
What is an Agonist
this is a drug which bines to a receptor and exerts the same of similair effect as the NT
What is an Antagonist
a drug which binds to the receptor but does not exert any effect. it stop anything from going on it.
How does reinforcement contribute to drug taking, mention dopamine.
The drug itself has such a posivite feeling due to the release of dopamine that it reinforces the person to keep doing it
What is tolerance
The decreased effectiveness of a drug as a consqeunce of repeated use,
what is withdrawal
the physiological chnages that occue when drug use is stopped or decreased.
What is cross dependence
This is when you stop withdrawal through taking a different drug which exerts a similair effect
what is psychological dependence
Compulsively taking a drug in the absence of physical withdrawal symptoms
Define additive
that is the sum of effects a drug can have
Define hyperadditive/synergistic
A combination of drugs is greater than individual effects
Define Petentiation
this is when a drug that has little effect alone will be magnify the effect of the drug it is taken with
