Week 3 Flashcards
Th1 differentiation factors
Induced by IL-12 and IFN-α.
Th1 Secretion
Lymphokines including IFNγ which draws in and classically activates (M1) macrophages
M1 macrophage Activation
Activated by Th1 releasing IFNγ.
M1 macrophage secretion
cytokines include tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and IL-1 to mediate inflammation
Th 17 cells induction
induced by TGF-β and IL-21
Th 17 cells function
IL-17 release and main job is mediating inflammation and maintaining the integrety of mucosal surfaces
Th2 Cells function
circulate through the blood until they encounter their antigen, secrete IL-4 and IL-13 which alternatively activates(M2) macrophages and are more involved in healing. IL- also attracts eosinophils, and stimulates B cells to produce IgE.
Tfh function
helps to activate B cells differentiate into plasma cells. Helps in differentiation of antibodies. Promotes IgA in the gut and IgG in the spleen.
Th 2 induction
DC 2 and Il4
Treg induction
TgFbeta
Treg function
Suppresses Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh by contact and soluble factors (IL-10, TGFBeta)
Cytotoxic (killer) T cells
Detects MHC class I and kills cells by binding to CD 95 on the target cell, leading to apoptosis, or it can secrete granzymes and other proteases called perforins which trigger apoptosis.
Cytotoxic T cell Induction
Come in contact with a DC, and need IL-2 to be produced from Th1, and for conversion into memory cells it needs IL-21.
Dendritic cells
Has both MHC class I and II, and can activate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Memory T cells
Are after a response to antigen, T cell number declines, and are memory T cells which can replace themselves as well as rapidly differentiate into effector cells when re-exposed to low antigen concentrations
CD3
A complex of molecules associated with the TCR. It is important in downstream signaling after T cell receptor binds its antigen.
CD 4 molecule
has four Ig-like domains, binds to a conserved region on class II antigen, binds to signal transduction molecule p56 and also binds to the zeta chains of CD3.
CD8 Molecule
alpha beta heterodimer or aa homodimer with one Ig-like domain held together by a disulfide bond. Binds to a conserved Class I antigen
CD4+ T cell CD2 binds
LFA-3
CD4+ T cell TCR-CD3 binds
MHC class II
CD4+ T cell p56kk CD4 binds
MHC class II
CD4+ T cell CD 28 binds
CD 80 or CD 86
CD4+ T cell LFA-1 binds
Binds ICAM-1
CD8+ T cell CD2 binds
LFA-3
CD8+ T cell TCR-CD3 binds
ClassI MHC
CD8+ T cell CD8 binds
MHC class I
CD8+ T cell CD 28 binds
CD80 or CD 86
CD8+ T cell LFA-1 binds
ICAM-1
