Week 3

Question 1

Th1 differentiation factors

Answer 1

Induced by IL-12 and IFN-α.

Question 2

Th1 Secretion

Answer 2

Lymphokines including IFNγ which draws in and classically activates (M1) macrophages

Question 3

M1 macrophage Activation

Answer 3

Activated by Th1 releasing IFNγ.

Question 4

M1 macrophage secretion

Answer 4

cytokines include tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and IL-1 to mediate inflammation

Question 5

Th 17 cells induction

Answer 5

induced by TGF-β and IL-21

Question 6

Th 17 cells function

Answer 6

IL-17 release and main job is mediating inflammation and maintaining the integrety of mucosal surfaces

Question 7

Th2 Cells function

Answer 7

circulate through the blood until they encounter their antigen, secrete IL-4 and IL-13 which alternatively activates(M2) macrophages and are more involved in healing. IL- also attracts eosinophils, and stimulates B cells to produce IgE.

Question 8

Tfh function

Answer 8

helps to activate B cells differentiate into plasma cells. Helps in differentiation of antibodies. Promotes IgA in the gut and IgG in the spleen.

Question 9

Th 2 induction

Answer 9

DC 2 and Il4

Question 10

Treg induction

Answer 10

TgFbeta

Question 11

Treg function

Answer 11

Suppresses Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh by contact and soluble factors (IL-10, TGFBeta)

Question 12

Cytotoxic (killer) T cells

Answer 12

Detects MHC class I and kills cells by binding to CD 95 on the target cell, leading to apoptosis, or it can secrete granzymes and other proteases called perforins which trigger apoptosis.

Question 13

Cytotoxic T cell Induction

Answer 13

Come in contact with a DC, and need IL-2 to be produced from Th1, and for conversion into memory cells it needs IL-21.

Question 14

Dendritic cells

Answer 14

Has both MHC class I and II, and can activate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Question 15

Memory T cells

Answer 15

Are after a response to antigen, T cell number declines, and are memory T cells which can replace themselves as well as rapidly differentiate into effector cells when re-exposed to low antigen concentrations

Question 16

CD3

Answer 16

A complex of molecules associated with the TCR. It is important in downstream signaling after T cell receptor binds its antigen.

Question 17

CD 4 molecule

Answer 17

has four Ig-like domains, binds to a conserved region on class II antigen, binds to signal transduction molecule p56 and also binds to the zeta chains of CD3.

Question 18

CD8 Molecule

Answer 18

alpha beta heterodimer or aa homodimer with one Ig-like domain held together by a disulfide bond. Binds to a conserved Class I antigen

Question 19

CD4+ T cell CD2 binds

Answer 19

LFA-3

Question 20

CD4+ T cell TCR-CD3 binds

Answer 20

MHC class II

Question 21

CD4+ T cell p56kk CD4 binds

Answer 21

MHC class II

Question 22

CD4+ T cell CD 28 binds

Answer 22

CD 80 or CD 86

Question 23

CD4+ T cell LFA-1 binds

Answer 23

Binds ICAM-1

Question 24

CD8+ T cell CD2 binds

Answer 24

LFA-3

Question 25

CD8+ T cell TCR-CD3 binds

Answer 25

ClassI MHC

Question 26

CD8+ T cell CD8 binds

Answer 26

MHC class I

Question 27

CD8+ T cell CD 28 binds

Answer 27

CD80 or CD 86

Question 28

CD8+ T cell LFA-1 binds

Answer 28

ICAM-1