Week 2 Immunity Flashcards
TLR1
CD281 detects triacyl lipoprotein from gm+ bacteria
TLR2
CD282 detects triacyl lipoprotein from gm+ bacteria
TLR3
Detects dsRNA and viruses. Does not go through MyD88.
TLR4
Detects LPS Gm- bacteria Cd284
TLR5
Detects flagellin protein
TLR6
bacterial lipoproteins
TLR7
ssRNA in endosomes
TLR8
oligonucleotides
TLR9
CPG DNA- bacterial and viral genome synthesis products
TLR10
CD290, unknown function
NFkB
Expression of pro-inflammatory genes
•Production of prostaglandins and other leukotrienes
•Production of interleukins and other cytokines
Other immune process helping functions
Formation of HOCl form H2O2
Uses the Fe containing enzyem myeloperoxidase mostly in neutrophils.
Chronic Granulomatous disease
Phagocytes have genetic defects in “NADPH oxidase” and most infections in these patients are catalase positive because they can break down the H2O2 produced by our cells.
MHC class I
Are recognized by CD8+ killer T cells. Display internal proteins which may help to display viral infection.
MHC Class II
Recognized by CD4+ helper T cells. Display antigen of phagocytosed products on the cell surface of Monocytes, dendritic cells, b cells.
Th1
Type 1 Ht cell. recognizes antigen and makes a lymphokine to attract macrophages to clean up antigen/ infection.
Th17
main role is focused on inflammation, are more powerful than Th1. Problems with these leads to autoimmunity.
Th2
Stimulate macrophages to become able to wall off pathogens and promote healing. Important in parasite immunity.
Tfh
Follicular helper T cells. Stimulated by antigen, migrate from T cell areasof lymph nodes into the B cell follicles where they help in B cell activation and making antibody subclasses.
Treg
make cytokines that suppress the activation and fx. of Th1, Th17, an Th2 cells to keep immune system in check.
CTL
Cytotoxic or killer T cells. Destroy any body cell they identify as having a foriegn or abnormal antigen on its surface.
CD4
Present on Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg which increases their affinity for antigen to help them get activated.
CD8
Present on Ctyotoxic T cells, helps to Bind MHC class 1.
IgG
two adjacent molecules can lead to complement activation, can attract phagocytic cells.Only antibody which can cross placenta.
IgM
Pentameric Ig, activates complement, first antibody to appear in blood after infection, then turns to IgG
IgD
main form of antibody inserted into B cell membranes as their antigen receptor.
IgA
Antibody in fluids and mucous membranes. Has secretory component to make it resistant to degredative enyzmes. First line defense. has two of them together.
IgE
Associated with Mast cells. Causes mast cell release of histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, producing symptoms of allergy. Real role is resistance to parasites.
Antibody Concentration in blood high to low
GAMDE
Type I hypersensitivity
Too much IgE causing mast cell degranulation. Can be asthma, allergic reaction to bee sting, allergic reaction.
Type II hypersensitivity
Autoimmunity due to antibodies which can react against self. Ex. hemolytic disease of newborn, myasthenia gravis.
Type III hypersensitivity
Occur when make antibody against soluble antigen. Commonly leads to arthritis, glomerulonephritis, pleurisy, rash. Also see serum sickness.
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Cell mediated hypersensitivty caused by CD4+ cells, can be autoimmune or bystander injury. Ex. reation with nickel, tuberculin reaction, chron’s disease.
Cathelicidin LL37
alpha helical peptides which are bactericidal.
Defensins
Beta strand peptides connected by disulfide bonds. look like a fence. There are 2 classes. They all lead to excretion out of the cells and into membranes or viral envelopes dimerize and lead to holes in the membranes.
Cell response to TLR signaling
Activation of NF-kB and expression of pro-inflammatory genes.
INF gamma
leads to the activation of phagocytic cells and NK cells.
TNF alpha
produced by macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytes. Leads to induce fever, apoptotic cell death, cachexia, inflammation
Antibody typing
dependant on what the heavy chain is. Can be GAMED, but still reacts with the same things.
Light chain
contains the FAB region for antigen/ epitope recognition. Can either be a kappa or lambda type. One cell always produces the same light chain.
Antibody Isotype
Slight differences in the amino acid secuences of their H chain C regions, the 5 main classes of immunoglobulins.
IgG isotypes
IgG1 IgG2 IgG3 IgG4
IgA Isotypes
IgA1, IgA2
IgM Isotypes
IgM1, Igm2
IgD Isotypes
Igd
IgE Isotypes
IgE
RAG recombinases
are the enzymes which do the recombination of antibody and T cell receptor DNA.
