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IHO > Anti-Inflammatory Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine

A

Released by Mast cell IgE mediated degranulation, and from basophils. Leads to redness, heat, swelling, and airway constriction acid secretion, urticaria. No chemotaxis.

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2
Q

LTB4

A

Leukotriene which is Chemotactic for neutrophils, reduces pain threshold.

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3
Q

LTC4

A

Causes bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability,

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4
Q

LTD4

A

Causes bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability

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5
Q

LTE4

A

Causes bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability

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6
Q

PGD2

A

Prostaglandin receptor leading to bronchoconstriction. Produced by mast cells.

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7
Q

PGE2

A

Prostaglandin receptor causing FEVER(IL-1 mediated) Vasodilation, increased vascular permeabilty and pain.

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8
Q

PGF2

A

prostaglandin receptor which leads to uterine contraction, and bronchoconstriction.

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9
Q

PGI2

A

Prostaglandin receptor causing Vasodilation, increased vascular permeabilty and pain, and opposes platelet aggregation.

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10
Q

TXA2

A

Thromboxane which leads to bronchoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction.

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11
Q

Bradykinin

A

Does everything(leads to infllamation, redness, swelling, heat, pain). It is also a strong VASODILATOR resulting in hypotension. not a chemoattractant

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12
Q

Kallidin

A

Kinin which Does everything. It is also a strong VASODILATOR resulting in hypotension. not a chemoattractant

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13
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

1st generation Antihistamine Prevents histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of GI smooth muscle, hives, itch, pain. NOT pumped out of CNS. Low GI side effects. Drying of secretions. Has antimuscarinic properties.

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14
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

1st generation Antihistamine Prevents histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of GI smooth muscle, hives, itch, pain. Not as sedating as diphenhydramine. Drying of secretions. Has antimuscarinic properties.

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15
Q

Cetirizine

A

2nd Generation Antihistamine. Has minimal anticholinergic properties, Does not cause sedation or drying of secretions. Subject for P-Glycoprotein Efflux pump.

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16
Q

Fexofenadine

A

2nd Generation Antihistamine. Has minimal anticholinergic properties, Does not cause sedation or drying of secretions. Subject for P-Glycoprotein Efflux pump.

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17
Q

Loratadine

A

2nd Generation Antihistamine. Has minimal anticholinergic properties, Does not cause sedation or drying of secretions. Subject for P-Glycoprotein Efflux pump.

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18
Q

Zileuton

A

Inhibits 5- lipoxygenase and prevents synthesis of LTB4, increasing pain threshold, may decrease use of beta agonsists in asthma, AE: CYP450, hepatotoxicity.

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19
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTD receptor), AE: inhibits a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme and may cause significant drug interactions. Used in asthma.

20
Q

Montelukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist,(LTD4 receptor), Used in Asthma. daily admin w/o meal restrictions.

21
Q

Aspirin

A

Irreversible COX inhibitor. Has more effects on platelets because they don’t have a nucleus. AE: bleeding and GI problems, tinnitus, asprin hypersensitivity(rhinitis, urticaria, asthma, laryngeal edema) due to shift to lypoxegenase shift. Rye syndrome: encephalopathy and fatty liver following viral infection in kids.

22
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Nonselective COX inhibitor, fewer GI side effects than aspirin.

23
Q

Naproxen

A

Aleve, Nonselective COX inhibitor.

24
Q

Ketorlac

A

More potent NSAID, Nonselective COX inhibitor, used for analgesia, but is also anti-inflammatory.

25
Q

Indomethacin

A

MOST potent NSAID, Nonselective COX inhibitor, AE: severe frontal headache and blood disorders

26
Q

Sulindac

A

More potent NSAID, Nonselective COX inhibitor

27
Q

Ketoprofen

A

More potent NSAID Nonselective COX inhibitor, related to ibuprofen

28
Q

Piroxicam

A

More potent NSAID once a day admin, can cause dose related serious GI bleeding.

29
Q

Celecoxib

A

Selective COX II inhibitor.

30
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Not an NSAID, Is a weak inhibitor of COX, and has minimal anti-inflammatory effect. Analgesic and antipyretic. AE: hepatotoxicity.

31
Q

Cortisol

A

Anti-inflammatory Steroid,

32
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Anti-inflammatory Steroid

33
Q

Prednisone

A

Anti-inflammatory steroid

34
Q

Methylprednisone

A

Anti-inflammatory steroid

35
Q

Betamethasone

A

Anti-inflammatory Steroid, long acting

36
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Anti-inflammatory Steroid, Long acting.

37
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Immunosuppresive agent, Binds cyclophilin receptor inhibiting calcineurin activity, blocking dephosphorylation events for T cell activation. Liver met. AE: Drug interactions, renal toxicity up to 75%. Used long term for transplants.

38
Q

Tacrolimus (FK506)

A

Immunosuppressive, binds FKB506 resulting in inhibition of calcineurin. Blocks the dephosphorylation events for cytokine expression and T cell activ. 100X more potent than cyclosporine. AE: nephrotoxicity.

39
Q

Sirolimus

A

Antiproliferative drug used for organ transplant rejection. Binds FKBP to inhibit mTOR and stop cell cycle progression of B and T cells. AE: dose dependant increase in cholesterol and Triglycerides, nephrotoxicity, increased lymphomas and infections, CYP3A4.

40
Q

Mycophenolate

A

Antimetabolic drug, used in organ transplant, metabolite is inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, preventing guanine synthesis. B and T cells are highly dependant on this pathway for proliferation. AE: hematologic and GI tox. Leukopenia, diarrhea and vomiting.

41
Q

Anti-thymocyte Globulin

A

Immunosuppressive, Ig binds thymocytes in circulation resulting in lymphopenia and impaired T cell immune response. AE: toxicity due to Ig being recognized as foriegn: i.e. serum sickness, nephritis, occasional anaphylaxis

42
Q

Muromonab-CD3

A

Immunosuppressive, used for whole organ transplants. Is an antibody whcih binds CD3(t-cell receptor). AE: cytokine release syndrome, give corticosteroids first.

43
Q

Daclizumab

A

Immunosuppressive. Humanized, Anti-IL-2 receptor for activated T cells, blocking IL2 activated T cell activation events. Used in organ transplantation. AE: few, common antibody side effects

44
Q

Basiliximab

A

Immunosuppressive. Humanized, Anti-IL-2 receptor for activated T cells, blocking IL2 activated T cell activation events. Used in organ transplantation. AE: few, common antibody side effects

45
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha1 agonist, leads to vasoconstriction

46
Q

Theophylline

A

adenosine receptor antagonist, increases cAMP, inhibits leukotriene synthesis

47
Q

omalizumab

A

Antibody to IgE, increased risk of parasitic infections. expensive.

IHO (17 decks)

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