Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Marine Bio > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are ecosystems of similar types around the world called?

A

biome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an ecosystem composed of?

A

community + non living environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is another name for primary producers?

A

Autotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the role of a primary producer

A

Primary producers play an important role in the ecosystems. The produce the biological molecules that go up the food chain. Primary producers, in most cases, are photosynthesiors. (algae, plants, ect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an autotroph

A

Autotrophs refer to self-feeding. They do not need to feed on other organisms. They only depend on C02 and water to give themselves energy and produce molecules that support the whole ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

C02 + H20 > chlorophyll + sunlight > c6H12+06 + 02

what is this formula for?

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is this formula?

C6H12+06 + 02&raquo_space; C02 + H20

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the rule of 10 in ecology?

A

its the concept of how much biomass is required to feed predators up the food chain.

100 kg of carrots feed 10 kg of rabbits and that supports 1 kg of foxes.

Each time you go up the food chain, you only attain about 10% of the biomass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens to the other 90% of energy that is not being used when feeding higher ups on the food chain?

A

most of it turns into metabolic heat, but also, feces and decaying organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two basic truths that happen in an ecosystem?

A
  • energy flows only 1 way.

* Materials and Nutrients are constantly recycled. (water, oxygen, nitrogen, ect.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

.

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is detritivores (detritus)

A

barely visible particles in the ocean that eventually become ooze. its what you see in the spring/ fall that make the ocean water less clear. it make it a rich environment… for example clams (filter feeders) feed on detritus as a primary food source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Foodchains are composed of: (6x)

A
  • photosynthesizors.
  • herbivores / primary consumer
  • secondary
  • third order
  • detritivores (detritus)
  • decomposers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the ecology efficiency?

A

“rule of 10” (the % efficiency of biomass conversion should be 10% less than the previous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are two kinds of distribution of marine organisms?

A
  • benthic division (refers to ground) benthos are the animals and algae that live on the ocean floor.
  • pelagic division (refers to the actual water mass) the biogeographic realm or zone that comprises the open seas and oceans, including water of all depths.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A devision of the pelagic division is the neurotic province….

what is the neurotic province?

A

The neritic zone is the relatively shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, approximately 200 meters in depth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the oceanic province is a subdivision of the pelagic division…

what is the oceanic province?

A

The oceanic zone is typically defined as the area of the ocean lying beyond the continental shelf (such as the Neritic zone), but operationally is often referred to as beginning where the water depths drop to below 200 meters (660 feet), seaward from the coast into the open ocean with its Pelagic zone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the photonic zone?

A

where the light penetrates a significant amount and allows for photosynthesis

19
Q

what is the twilight zone?

A

the area of the ocean that has no more light.

20
Q

these 4 different kind of Macromolecules are the building blocks of life

A

Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA – genetic material)
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins.

21
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

• Sugars (e.g. glucose, lactose,) starches, cellulose (fiber- cell walls of plants. What gives plants structure),

chitin (complex carb that you find in the exoskeleton of crabs and crustations, it is also found in the cell walls of the Fungai kingdom.)

• Functions within marine organisms: short term energy storage, structure.

22
Q

What are some examples of lipids and what are their functions?

A

lipid are fats, oils and waxes.

if they are solid at room temp they are a fat or wax.

oils are typically liquid and from a plant origin

all of our cells are typically a double layer of lipid. its very important structurally

important as insulation (buffers organixsms from external thuds, swell as a protector from the cold)

many hormones such as steroids are a type of lipid.

as well as these general functions, in the water, there re 2 specific functions of lipids.

  • buoyancy (helps marine animals float onto of the water)
  • waterproofing.
23
Q

What are some examples and functions of proteins:

SHETIT

A

– protens are made of 20 different animo acids.

  • functions within marine organisms:
  • structure (muscles, scales feathers.)
  • Hormones (chemical signals)
  • Enzymes ( biological catalyst) e.g. digestive enzymes
  • Hormones (chemical signals)
  • Transport (e.g. hemoglobin)
  • Immune function (antibodies)
  • Toxins (defence system)
24
Q

What is Keratin a good example of?

A

a building block protein

25
Q

why do enzymes serve an important purpose as a protein?

A

enzymes make chemical reactions occur at a faster rate… for example, digestive enzymes are very important for metabolism

26
Q

what 2 macromolecules might hormones be composed of

A

lipids or proteins

27
Q

why is transportation an important function for protein?

A

hemoglobin-02 is an important protein for red blood cells. >. oxygen binds to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells and its helpful for CELLULAR RESPIRATION

28
Q

why are toxins an important function for proteins?

A

toxins that an organism may use as a defence system are usually made up out of protein

29
Q

What are some examples and functions of Nucliec Acids?

A

Examples: DNA and RNA

Functions:

Storage
Replication
Translation of Genetic information

Stars Roast Turtles

30
Q

What is DNA?

A

A large, double stranded, helix-shaped molecule bound into chromosomes.

Each one of your cells contains all of your DNA information.

Replicates itself with each cell division

Nitrogen containing base determines what amino acid will be created.

Can make:

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, or Thymine…

AGCT

Aggravated Giraffes Chase Turtles.

31
Q

What is RNA?

A

Single stranded.

Copies the DNA message as a complementary base. (not a direct copy, but brings the corresponding amino acids and they are linked together).
So besties with DNA

Functions in protein synthesis.

Has a Nitrogen Base..

Contains Uracil instead of Thymine… (no turtles)

Can make the animo acids:

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil.

Aggravated Giraffes Cry under Umbrellas

32
Q

What is cell theory?

A

All living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.

All cells are capable of:
- metabolism = create energy / transform energy (food to energy / sun to energy)… materials are also transformed (food comes in / waste goes out)

  • growth
  • reproduction
33
Q

All cells have a membrane… but not all cells have a cell wall.

she says this is an important distinction…

A

boom bitch

34
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells
(no nucleus… i.e. DNA NOT surrounded by a nuclear membrane e.g. BACTERIA)

Eukaryotic cels:
(True nucleus… i.e. DNA IS surrounded by a nuclear membrane… e.g. algae, plants, animals)

35
Q

What are 2 ways that energy transfer happens in cells?

A

photosynthesis

Cellular respiration

36
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A
  • low energy molecules combine to form high energy food molecules with solar energy input
  • Oxygen released as by-product
  • Most occurs in chloroplasts.
37
Q

What is Cellular Respiration?

A
  • Releases energy from food molecules
  • This is what cells use to move. ATP
  • Most occurs within the mitochondria.
  • Food molecules are broken down to create ATP (cells major energy carrying molecule. And releases C02 as a waste product).
38
Q

6C02 + 6H20&raquo_space;> C6H1206+ 602 = simple molecules turn into sugars with sunlight

A

photosynthesis

39
Q

C6H1206+ 602&raquo_space;> 6C02 + 6H20 = complex molecules turn into simple molecules to energize cells.

A

cellular respiration

40
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A
  • Cells are gouped into tissues
  • Different tissues combine into organs
  • Groups of organs make up organ systems
41
Q

What is Darwins theory of evolution?

A
  • natural selection
  • a change in the gene pool of a population is the smallest unit of change that can be described as evolution. certain versions of a gene can become more frequent in a gene pool than others, this as well as when mutations occur, are considered evolution.
42
Q

What does our teacher think are some related indigenous concepts to evolution?

A
  • transformation (animal to human… creatures not being static)
  • the concept that we are all one… and all related… a kinship between animals, humans, ect.
  • Awareness of different world that existed through out time.. for instance.. a world where fish could walk.
43
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

Selective breeding of plants or animals where they breed only the ones with qualitative traits to produce a specific outcome.

e.g.
• Developed strategices and techniquest to breed several varieties of corn adapted to different enviroments
• Haida impacted muscles along the coast through t heir harvesting of sea urchins and muslces.

44
Q

why does our teacher say that indigenous people dont appreciate artificial selection

A
  • they see it a s a disrespect towards organisms and natural laws.
  • they see it as colonization on a molecular level
  • they think it could chance sacred foods.
    e. g. corn, salmon, ect.

Marine Bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions