Week 1 + 2 Flashcards
What is discovery science?
observes long term, describes and explains natural structures and processes.
What is TERW (Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom)?
First Nations philosophy around sharing knowledge.
Sharing knowledge with only those who will use it responsibly.
What is Hypothesis-based science?
uses scientific method to test a potential explanation. uses experimental and control groups.
Scientific method
- making observations
- forming a hypothesis
- designing experiments
- gathering results
- drawing conclusions
ONLY HAPPY EELS REALLY CARE
define: ecology
the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
What are the two things that ecosystems are composed of?
living organisms (fish, algae)… and their non living enviroment (rocks, water)
What is habitat?
where an organism lives
what is niche?
an organism’s environmental role.
e.g. decomposers/ predators/ photosynthesizors
What is Optimal Range?
When an organism can use the smallest amount of energy on homeostasis. Organisms thrive in optimal range because their needs are being met by their environment
What is stress zone?
When the conditions of the environment (such as temperature, PH, ect) do not match with the needs of an organism to thrive, therefore they are in stress
What are Zones of Intolerance
Organism usually dies because the environment is not suitable to the needs of the creature. (not a livable environment)
what is ‘Biotic’?
a living organsim
what is ‘abiotic’
non-living part of environment
What is an Endotherm?
an organism that is warm blooded, and generates heat by caloric consumption.
What is an ectotherm?
an organism that is coldblooded. these organisms are dependent on the outside temperature.
What are some abiotic factors that affect organism distribution?
- Sunlight (affects Photosynthesis and Vision for the lil creatures)
- Temperature (affects Disiccation – when its too warm and the creatures dry out)
- Salinity (the salt content of the water
What are some characteristics of the physical environment that affect organism distribution?
- Pressure (organisms have a very specific pressure zone they can live within)
- Nutrients & limiting nutrients
- Metabolic wastes
Why are limiting nutrients important?
limiting nutrients, if removed really affect the growth and population of an area. for instance, nitrogen
What is an isotonic solution?
Isotonic solutions contain equal concentrations of impermeable solutes on either side of the membrane and so the cell neither swells nor shrinks
What is a hypertonic solution?
A hypertonic solution contains a HIGHER concentration of solutes compared to another solution
What is a hypotonic solution?
A hypotonic solution contains a LOWER concentration of solutes compared to another solution
Water always flows from hypo to hypertonic (water is always moving to the highest concentration of solution.
yea yea
Define: population
a group of organisms of the same species which occupy a specified area and interbreed.
define species:
one or more populations of potentially interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups
When doing sampling, what are the two main things that you need to consider?
- population density (abundance of organisms in an area_n
- Dispersion (clumped, uniform, or random)
What does population Density mean?
the number of organisms in an area.
what does dispersion mean?
the way that the organisms are distributed through out an area
What are 9 things that can affect changes in population size?
- Birth (+)
- Death (-)
- Immigration (+)
- Emigration (-)
Also..
- Demographics (old and young members of the species),
- Generation time (how long it takes for a new generation to emerge
- Sex Ratio (male to female)
- Survivorship
- Life history (how many eggs, how long till reproducing, ect).
What are the two kinds of population growth patterns?
Exponential and Logarithmic
Exponential = rapid growth..
Logarithmic = more sustainable, growth pattern will eventually plateau when the ecosystem reaches the carrying capacity for that organism.
Competition may occur within communities of organisms… this competition may be interspecific or intraspecific. what does this mean?
interspecific = between different species
intraspecific = within a species
what is competitive exclusion?
when one species is so good at competing for resources that it drives another species out of the area.
What is a fundamental niche?
the niche an organism could occupy without competition
What is a realized niche?
when an organism grows in an area and has other competition.
what is a keystone species?
keystone species means an organism that helps to define an entire ecosystem… so if you take that organism out, then the whole ecosystem would crumble. Like bees.
What is a cultural keystone species?
based on importance in culture. (e.g. salmon / cedar trees are important to indigenous culture)
What is Symbiosis?
it means living together
What is commensalism?
when one species benefits and the other is unaffected (remoras and sharks)
What is parasitism?
Host is harmed, parasite benefits
What is chart datum?
when the tidal heights near 0 // when the tide is predicted to be low.
What is Diurnal tides:
1 low and 1 high per 24 hours
what is semi diurnal tides?
2 lows and 2 highs of relatively equal heights
what are mixed semi diurnal tides?
2 lows and 2 highs every 24 hours with significantly different sizes in highs and lows.
Define magnetic variation?
the difference of the angle between true north and magnetic north.
What are cardinal directions?
N, E, S W
What is inter cardinal directions?
NE, NW, SE, SW
what are some factors that influence the tides other than the sun and moon?
- shapes of bays and estuarys
- local wind and weather patterns
the course focus adjustment knob may only be used at ______ power
low power
when attempting to get the object into focus for the first time, its advisible to start with the stage at its ____ setting
lowest
before rotating the next higher objective lens into place its important to _____ the object on the stage
center
the ___________ lens must never be rotated into place without applying a special type of lipid
oil immersion
What is Mutualism?
when both organisms benefit from each other (clown fish & sea anemone)
The oceans cover approximately what percent of the earth?
71%
which marine animal was known as the mermaid to the Lekwungen culture?
harbour seal
Due to osmosis, a cell in hypertonic solution will…. (stay the same? swell? shrivel? burst?)
SHRIVEL
pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every ___m of depth in the ocean
10m
what are the different dispersion patterns?
clumped, uniform, random
the dispersion pattern that frequently results when there is intra-specific competition is..?
Uniform
What kind of dispersion patterns usually occur when resources are concentrated in small areas within a larger habitat or because of individuals forming social groups.
Clumped dispersion pattern
what kind of dispersion pattern occurs without a predictable pattern. An example of this kind of dispersion comes from dandelions and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds.
Random dispersion
what are the two main events that renewed interest in marine biology in the mid 1800’s?
retrieved a deep sea cable and found new specimens.
Charles Darwin’s expedition
what are two density dependant factors regulating population growth?
disease, predation, competition
what are the 7 fundamental truths of the costal First Nations?
creation, wisdom, adapting to change, stewardship, respect, knowledge
