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Marine Bio > Week 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 + 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is discovery science?

A

observes long term, describes and explains natural structures and processes.

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2
Q

What is TERW (Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Wisdom)?

A

First Nations philosophy around sharing knowledge.

Sharing knowledge with only those who will use it responsibly.

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3
Q

What is Hypothesis-based science?

A

uses scientific method to test a potential explanation. uses experimental and control groups.

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4
Q

Scientific method

A
  1. making observations
  2. forming a hypothesis
  3. designing experiments
  4. gathering results
  5. drawing conclusions

ONLY HAPPY EELS REALLY CARE

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5
Q

define: ecology

A

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

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6
Q

What are the two things that ecosystems are composed of?

A

living organisms (fish, algae)… and their non living enviroment (rocks, water)

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7
Q

What is habitat?

A

where an organism lives

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8
Q

what is niche?

A

an organism’s environmental role.

e.g. decomposers/ predators/ photosynthesizors

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9
Q

What is Optimal Range?

A

When an organism can use the smallest amount of energy on homeostasis. Organisms thrive in optimal range because their needs are being met by their environment

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10
Q

What is stress zone?

A

When the conditions of the environment (such as temperature, PH, ect) do not match with the needs of an organism to thrive, therefore they are in stress

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11
Q

What are Zones of Intolerance

A

Organism usually dies because the environment is not suitable to the needs of the creature. (not a livable environment)

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12
Q

what is ‘Biotic’?

A

a living organsim

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13
Q

what is ‘abiotic’

A

non-living part of environment

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14
Q

What is an Endotherm?

A

an organism that is warm blooded, and generates heat by caloric consumption.

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15
Q

What is an ectotherm?

A

an organism that is coldblooded. these organisms are dependent on the outside temperature.

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16
Q

What are some abiotic factors that affect organism distribution?

A
  • Sunlight (affects Photosynthesis and Vision for the lil creatures)
  • Temperature (affects Disiccation – when its too warm and the creatures dry out)
  • Salinity (the salt content of the water
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17
Q

What are some characteristics of the physical environment that affect organism distribution?

A
  • Pressure (organisms have a very specific pressure zone they can live within)
  • Nutrients & limiting nutrients
  • Metabolic wastes
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18
Q

Why are limiting nutrients important?

A

limiting nutrients, if removed really affect the growth and population of an area. for instance, nitrogen

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19
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

Isotonic solutions contain equal concentrations of impermeable solutes on either side of the membrane and so the cell neither swells nor shrinks

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20
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

A hypertonic solution contains a HIGHER concentration of solutes compared to another solution

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21
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

A hypotonic solution contains a LOWER concentration of solutes compared to another solution

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22
Q

Water always flows from hypo to hypertonic (water is always moving to the highest concentration of solution.

A

yea yea

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23
Q

Define: population

A

a group of organisms of the same species which occupy a specified area and interbreed.

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24
Q

define species:

A

one or more populations of potentially interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups

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25
Q

When doing sampling, what are the two main things that you need to consider?

A
  • population density (abundance of organisms in an area_n

- Dispersion (clumped, uniform, or random)

26
Q

What does population Density mean?

A

the number of organisms in an area.

27
Q

what does dispersion mean?

A

the way that the organisms are distributed through out an area

28
Q

What are 9 things that can affect changes in population size?

A
  • Birth (+)
  • Death (-)
  • Immigration (+)
  • Emigration (-)

Also..

  • Demographics (old and young members of the species),
  • Generation time (how long it takes for a new generation to emerge
  • Sex Ratio (male to female)
  • Survivorship
  • Life history (how many eggs, how long till reproducing, ect).
29
Q

What are the two kinds of population growth patterns?

A

Exponential and Logarithmic

Exponential = rapid growth..

Logarithmic = more sustainable, growth pattern will eventually plateau when the ecosystem reaches the carrying capacity for that organism.

30
Q

Competition may occur within communities of organisms… this competition may be interspecific or intraspecific. what does this mean?

A

interspecific = between different species

intraspecific = within a species

31
Q

what is competitive exclusion?

A

when one species is so good at competing for resources that it drives another species out of the area.

32
Q

What is a fundamental niche?

A

the niche an organism could occupy without competition

33
Q

What is a realized niche?

A

when an organism grows in an area and has other competition.

34
Q

what is a keystone species?

A

keystone species means an organism that helps to define an entire ecosystem… so if you take that organism out, then the whole ecosystem would crumble. Like bees.

35
Q

What is a cultural keystone species?

A

based on importance in culture. (e.g. salmon / cedar trees are important to indigenous culture)

36
Q

What is Symbiosis?

A

it means living together

37
Q

What is commensalism?

A

when one species benefits and the other is unaffected (remoras and sharks)

38
Q

What is parasitism?

A

Host is harmed, parasite benefits

39
Q

What is chart datum?

A

when the tidal heights near 0 // when the tide is predicted to be low.

40
Q

What is Diurnal tides:

A

1 low and 1 high per 24 hours

41
Q

what is semi diurnal tides?

A

2 lows and 2 highs of relatively equal heights

42
Q

what are mixed semi diurnal tides?

A

2 lows and 2 highs every 24 hours with significantly different sizes in highs and lows.

43
Q

Define magnetic variation?

A

the difference of the angle between true north and magnetic north.

44
Q

What are cardinal directions?

A

N, E, S W

45
Q

What is inter cardinal directions?

A

NE, NW, SE, SW

46
Q

what are some factors that influence the tides other than the sun and moon?

A
  • shapes of bays and estuarys

- local wind and weather patterns

47
Q

the course focus adjustment knob may only be used at ______ power

A

low power

48
Q

when attempting to get the object into focus for the first time, its advisible to start with the stage at its ____ setting

A

lowest

49
Q

before rotating the next higher objective lens into place its important to _____ the object on the stage

A

center

50
Q

the ___________ lens must never be rotated into place without applying a special type of lipid

A

oil immersion

51
Q

What is Mutualism?

A

when both organisms benefit from each other (clown fish & sea anemone)

52
Q

The oceans cover approximately what percent of the earth?

A

71%

53
Q

which marine animal was known as the mermaid to the Lekwungen culture?

A

harbour seal

54
Q

Due to osmosis, a cell in hypertonic solution will…. (stay the same? swell? shrivel? burst?)

A

SHRIVEL

55
Q

pressure increases by 1 atmosphere for every ___m of depth in the ocean

A

10m

56
Q

what are the different dispersion patterns?

A

clumped, uniform, random

57
Q

the dispersion pattern that frequently results when there is intra-specific competition is..?

A

Uniform

58
Q

What kind of dispersion patterns usually occur when resources are concentrated in small areas within a larger habitat or because of individuals forming social groups.

A

Clumped dispersion pattern

59
Q

what kind of dispersion pattern occurs without a predictable pattern. An example of this kind of dispersion comes from dandelions and other plants that have wind-dispersed seeds.

A

Random dispersion

60
Q

what are the two main events that renewed interest in marine biology in the mid 1800’s?

A

retrieved a deep sea cable and found new specimens.

Charles Darwin’s expedition

61
Q

what are two density dependant factors regulating population growth?

A

disease, predation, competition

62
Q

what are the 7 fundamental truths of the costal First Nations?

A

creation, wisdom, adapting to change, stewardship, respect, knowledge

Marine Bio (7 decks)

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