Lab Exam #2 Flashcards
Purple/Ochre Sea Star
5 rays
Purple
Phylum: Echinoderm
Blood Star
5 rays
Red/orange
Can have skinny ray or thicker more regular star fish looking rays
Echinoderm
6 Ray Star
6 rays
easy
Leather Star
5 rays
rays are wider, almost looked webbed
Echinoderm
Purple Sea Urchin
Spiky purple ball
Echinoderm
Green Sea Urchin
Spiky green ball
Echinoderm
California Sea Cucumber
Long thick fleshy dick looking sea creature with pointing things sticking out of it.
Usually orangy red
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Glaucous-winged Gull:
- Light grey wings
- Pink legs and feet
- Yellow bill with a red spot
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Canada Goose
- Brown body
- White chest/body
- Black head with white stripe under chin
3 distinguishing physical characters of an American Wigeon
- Bright green patch of feathers behind eye
- White bill with black tip
- White stripe over the top of the head
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Northern Pintail
- Brown head
- Long black pointed tail
- White chest + grey body
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Mallard
- Green head
- Orange feet/legs
- Brown chest, grey body
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Bufflehead
- Green face with white patchon back of head
- Black back
- Big, round head
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Common Goldeneye
- Black/iridescent head
- White spot on cheek
- Yellow eye
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Double-crested Cormorant:
- Mostly all black
- Yellow bill with hook on the tip
- Holds wings out to dry them
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Common Loon:
- Black head
- Red eye
- Black + white dots on back
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Black Oystercatcher:
- All black
- Red eyes
- Red beak
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Belted Kingfisher
- Black back
- White band around neck
- White + brown on chest
3 distinguishing physical characters of a Great Blue Heron
- Long skinny legs
- Light grey body
- Long neck, usually bent in “s” shape
What does the majority of Kingdom Animalia lack?
A vertebral column (so they’re invertebrate)
Sponges (Phylum Porifera): Where are the pores, spongocoel, and osculum?
Pores = on the surface Spongocoel = interior cavity Osculum = chimney-like opening attatched to the spongocoel
*Sponges are suspension feeders. Sea water is circulated into the spongocoel, is filtered for fine suspended matter by individual sponge cells, and exits through a chimney-like opening, the osculum
What are the 4 main echinoderms?
- Sea Stars
- Brittle & Basket Stars
- Urchins & Sand Dollars
- Sea Cucumbers
3 features of a sea urchin:
- Spines
- Pedicellariae (3-pronged structures used for cleaning and defence)
- tube feet
Features of a Sea Star
- Spines
- Madreporite (aboral surface – “top”)
- Pedicellariae, tube feet, papulae or “skin gills” are on the oral surface – “underside”
Features of a Sea Cucumber
- Oral tentacles
- Tube feet
Which echinoderms have spines?
Sea Urchins and Sea Stars
Which Echinoderms have tube feet?
Sea Urchins, Sea Star, Sea Cucumber
Which animals are vertebrates?
Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
Which Chordates lack a backbone?
Sea Squirts and Lancelets
What are Hagfish classified as? (vertebrates/invertebrates)
Technically invertebrates, but traditionally classified with all other types of fishes amongst the vertebrates.
What are the four classes of fishes?
Jawless (yet toothed): Hagfishes
Lampreys
Jawed cartilaginous fishes
Bony fishes
Scales:
what kind of scale looks like little pointy diamonds under a microscope?
placoid
Scales: what kind of scale looks like a thumbprint under microscope. but there are only layered circles and no straight lines?
cycloid scales
scales: what kind of scales look like a thumbprint under a microscope, and additionally have straight vertical lines that point toward the centre of scale?
ctenoid
What kind of scale is this?
Ctenoid scale
What kind of scale is this?
Cycloid scale
What kind of scale is this?
Placoid scale
What kind of fish is this?
Green Sturgeon
What kind of fish is this?
Gar
What kind of scale is this?
Ganoid Scale
What is a ganoid scale?
what kind of fish has them?
similar to placoid scales but are covered with a peculiar enamel-like substance called ganoin.
Sturgeons, Gars, and Coelocanths have garnoid scales
What is the biology name for sea squirts?
what phylum do they belong to?
tunicates
phylum chordata
What is this?
what subphylum does it belong to?
It is a lancelet
belongs to subphylum cephalochordata
What is this?
California (Giant) cucumber
What is this?
Purple Sea Urchin
What is this?
Starfish pedicellariae
What are pedicellariae?
who has them?
3 pronged structures used for cleaning and defence.
commonly found on echinoderms, particularly in sea stars and sea urchins.
What is this?
Sea Star: leather
what is this?
6 ray star
What is this?
Purple/ Ochre sea star
What is this?
Green sea urchin
What is the difference between stellar sea lions and California sea lions?
stellar sea lions are bigger and lighter in colour.
What kind of sea lion is this?
California sea lion
What kind of sea lion is this?
Stellar sea lion
What can Sea Lettuce be used for?
It can be put on popcorn in place of salt if you dry it
What can arbutus bark be used for?
Tea, it helps you sleep. It can give you the giggles.
What kind of whale is this?
humpback
what kind of whale is this>
humpback
What flower can be used to help with stress, sleep, and relieve muscle twitches?
Yarrow
what kind of a whale is this?
Minke whale
what kind of whale?
grey whale
what is this?
a harbour porpoise
what is this?
Dall’s porpoise
What is this?
Glaucous-Winged Gull
What are the four main classes of the echinoderms?
1) sea stars
2) brittle & basket stars
3) urchins & sand dollars
4) sea cucumbers
what is the visible water intake system of echinoderms called?
madreporite
Story of the bird song:
Ravin + Creator (I think) decided to put on a competition to see who gets to choose their sound so that we can tell everyone apart/who’s talking.
Eagle: Flew up and touched the clouds with his head and tail - thats why they’re white there - Shows you should work hard and have determination - eagle won
Robin: Rode on Eagle’s back to fly a bit higher than him. Burnt his chest red because he got so close to the sun. Robin was given a song that sounds like “I cheated”. He has to use that song during the day, except for early in the morning and late evening he gets a pretty song. This was to remind him not to cheat.
Crow: Didn’t fly up because he thought he would get a pretty song anyways since he’s related to Raven. Obviously that didn’t work. Teaches you not to rely on others for a good rep.
Seagull: Flew up but got distracted playing in the wind and laughing - his song sounds like laughter - teaches you to stay focused.
how do echinoderms move their tube feet?
by squeezing around water with their water vascular systems.
what are some common features that a sea urchin has?
spines, pedicellariae, and tube feet
probably need to label a diagram
what are some features that a sea star has?
spines, madreporite (on aboral surface [top]), pedicellariae, tube feet, and papulae (on oral surface [underside])
probably need to label a diagram with these on it
what are papulae?
skin gills
what are some features that a sea cucumber has?
oral tentacles and tube feet
probably need to know how to label these on diagram
Story of the Clams:
There was a very shy group pf people who hid anytime they saw someone new. They were on the beach when creator was coming near so they hid in the sand, and all you could see was the whites of their eyes. Creator could still sense them there though and said something like “since you like hiding in the sand I will turn you into something that benefits others” and turned them into clams. They had buried themselves at different depths, and this is what gives us the different types of clams.
what are some animals that fall under “vertebrates”?
fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
fat ass represent bad moms
what are two animals without a backbone in phylum chordata?
lancelets and hagfish
what are the different classes of fishes (3/4)
Jawless: Hagfish and Lampreys
Cartilaginous fish
bony fish
What are two things that are invertebrate chordates?
sea squirts (tunicates) and lancelets
Salmon ceremony:
(I don’t remember this one very well so feel free to add to it)
They carry the salmon out of the water with a limp to acknowledge how pathetic humans are - because we rely on other animals to survive and stuff and don’t have sharp teeth of claws - and they have a special way of cleaning the fish so that they can pull the whole skeleton + organs out in one piece. They send that back out into the water head first so that they can pay their respects to its relatives in hopes that they will come back next year.
what is a tunic?
a protective covering that is composed of polysaccharide (which is similar to cellulose) ….
(its a thing that a tunicate has)
how to tunicates filter feed?
with their pharyngeal basket….
they draw water in with their incurrent siphon and expel water with their excurrent siphon
how do tunicates get their name sea squirt?
when they are distressed they eject a jet of water through their excurrent siphon. .
…. they squirt …
< .< hehe
why are lancelets also called “little blade”?
because they are small and laterally flattened.
how do lancelets feed?
they filter feed
what is this?
lancelet
Do hagfish have eyes?
no
do hagfish have a dorsal fin?
yes
do hagfish have paired fins?
no
How many pairs of EXTERNAL GILL SLITS does the hagfish have? where are they located?
1-15 pairs..
they are found..
they are behind the head.
what are the hagfishes slime sacs? where are they located?
the row of small holes along the side of the hagfish are opening to the slime sacs.
buddy can produce several litters of slime if attacked by predator.
slime suffocates predator.
what kind of feeders are hagfish?
scavengers/ predators
they feed on dead and decaying matter.
do hagfish have teeth?
they have two layers of teeth embedded on horny plates.
teeth are made of of keratin.
not really teeth
what are the tentacle things around the hagfishes mouth?
sensory barbels
where is the anus located on the hagfish?
on the ventral side just anterior to the caudal fin?
ok
do hagfish have a notochord?
yes
what is a cloaca?
common chamber and outlet into which the intestinal, urinary, and genital tracts open.
how to lampreys feed?
they are external parasites
1 oral disk with a rasping tongue covered in horny denticles
is the lampreys tail dorsally-ventrally flattened or laterally flattened?
laterally flattened
the number of gill slits in a lamprey is constant. how many are there?
7
what features does a lamprey have?
might have to label?
eyes, oral disc single nostril gill slits anterior dorsal fin posterior dorsal fin heterocercal caudal fin cloaca
do sharks have internal ears or external ears?
internal
what kind of scales do sharks have?
placoid scales
what is a sharks ROSTRUM?
pointed snout.
how are a sharks teeth arranged?
in diagonal rows
what are the three pairs of sensory organs in a shark? (also common to all vertebrates)
olfactory organs (smell)
eyes
ears.
what is a sharks SPIRACLE?
first gill slit
how do sharks breathe?
water enters the mouth and SPIRACLE (1st slit), then flows over the gills for oxygen uptake and then exits via the GILL SLITS (2 - 6th slit)
what features does a shark have?
probably wants us to label
anterior dorsal fin, posterior dorsal fin, heterocercal caudal fin, pectoral fin, and pelvic fin
sharks have claspers and cloacas
what are leptoid scales?
found in the majority of bony fishes.
means that the scales are slightly overlapped.
leptoid scales come in 2 forms: ctenoid and cycloid
what are the 5 native species of salmon that can be found in BC?
Chinook, Chum, Coho, Pink, Sockeye
how does the salmon lifecycle go? egg to adult?
egg alevin fry smolt adult
what are the two kinds of turtles that venture into BC waters?
leatherback turtles and green sea turtles
tell me how a turtles shell is fused to its bones
turtles shell is fused to its vertebrae, ribs and shoulders and pelvic girdles
what is this?
a harbour seal
Order Carnivora… name some of these bitches
sea otter northern or stellar sea lion California sea lion harbour seal walrus
name the different whales the are toothed whales
harbour porpoise dall's porpoise pacific white-sided dolphin orca sperm whale
name the whales that are baleen whales
humpback whale
grey whale
minke whale
blue whale
what kind of a tail do bony fish have?
homocercal tail
what are some features that bony fish have?
- operculum (gill cover)
- dorsal fins
- homocercal caudal fin,
- adipose fin (small fin posterior to dorsal fin consisting of fatty issue without bony rays
- anal fin
- pectoral fin
- pelvic fin
- lateral line
- caudal peduncle (junction between trunk and caudal fin)
what is the operculum supported by in bony fishes
gill rakers
what does the bony fish skeleton anatomy consist of.
ooooof…
- vertebrae (of the vertebral column)
- ribs
- dorsal fin rays
- operculum
Anatomy of a skate.
- ROSTRUM
- anterior dorsal fin
- posterior dorsal fin
- tail
- pectoral fins (enlarged)
- pelvic fins
- clasper (in males)
- eyes
- spiracle (behind each eye)
- mouth
- nostrils
- gill slits
- cloaca
what is this a pic of?
what creatures has it
coiled radula
mollusk
what is this?
a radula
what is this?
a heart cockle
what is this?
a giant acorn barnacle
what is this?
thatched barnacle
What is this?
a purple shore crab
What is this?
red rocks crab
What is this?
Dungeness crab
label these shells.
What is this
giant acorn barnacle
what is this?
thatched barnacle
what is this?
black Katy chiton
what is this a jar of?
nematodes
what is this?
Acaris
(round worm)
phylum Nematoda
What is this
yuck :(
Nereis (clam worm)
phylum Annelids
Label these 3 things…
they are the three different body plans of sponges.
What body plan of a sponge is this?
cyscanoid
What body plan of a sponge is this?
Asconoid
What is this?
what body shape does it have
a sponge
leuconoid
phylum poriferia
What are these?
what are they made of?
spicules of a sponge
they are made of calcium carbonate, silica, or a flexible protein called spongin
what are the symbiotic dinoflagellates in coral animals called?
zooxanthellae
Whats this?
painted anemone
do hydroids have a polyp, a medusa, or both within their lifetime
both!
do jellies have a polyp, medusa, or both within their lifetime?
both
do sea anemones have a polyp, a medusa, or both within their lifetime
polyp only
do corals have a polyp, a medusa, or both within their lifetime?
polyp only
name some animals in phylum cnidaria
hydroids, jellyfish, sea anemones, and coral animals
what is the 1 opening (mouth / anus ) called in cnidarians?
gastro-vascular cavity
what are the stinging cells called in phylum cnidaria?
cnidocytes
what are nematocysts
Nematocysts are organelles that have stinging cells. They are present in Cnidarians. Nematocyst paralyses the preys by injecting poison and helps Cnidarians to catch their prey.
What two phylum have radial symmetry?
cnidarians, echinoderms, and comb jellies
comb jellies are sea drifting animals.. therefore, we call them…?
zooplankton
do ctenophores have a gastro vascular cavity?
yes
what’s the big difference between ctenophores and cnidarians?
ctenophores lack stinging cells.
What is this?
a butter clam
What is this?
a heart cockle
What is this?
A Japanese Littleneck = Manilla Clam
What’s this?
a butter clam
What is this?
A frilled dogwinkle
What is this?
a moon snail
What is this?
a heart cockle
What is this?
pacific plate limpet
What is this?
Mask Limpet
What is this?
Varnished clam
What is this?
Native Littleneck
Japanese littleneck Manilla Clam
What is this?
Pacific oyster
What is this?
a bay muscle
What is this?
a native littleneck
What are we looking at?
a lophophore in a lamp shell
What is this?
what does it do?
its a lophophore
its a feeding organ of a lophophorite
What is this?
a ctenophore (comb jelly)
What is this?
locate its scolex… also define scolex
also locate its hooks and suckers
what are some key features of this fucker
its a tapeworm…
tapeworms have a scolex
a scolex is a head.
tapeworms are flatworms
tapeworms also lack digestive tracks
What is this?
what gross thing does it have.
ribbonworm
has a long proboscis to capture its prey
what type of worm is a tapeworm?
flatworm..
internal parasite
label the eyespots, pharynx, and gastro vascular cavity
what is a proglottids?
something a tape worm has.
Contains reproductive organs (both sexes)
tape-like ribbons of reproductive units.
moss animals and lamp shells are called what?
lophophorates
what are the 4 main classes of molluscs?
chitons
gastropods
bivalves
cephalopods
gastropods have what kind of feeding organ?
radula
name 5 gastropods
snails, limpets, nudibranchs, slugs, abalone
gastropod = belly foot..
all these bitches walk with their bellies
susie likes naked slutty ass
some gastropods have shells.. true or false
true
what is a pronounced feature of the group gastropods?
they have a distinct head with eyes at the tips of tentacles
…
they also have a muscular foot and an operculum
name 3 bivlaves
clams, oysters, scallops
what are umbos
the vaguely defined, highest part of the clam….
its the part of the clam that is connected by the valve.. I think?
what is a muscular foot?
the part of a clam that does the digging into the sand
what is the siphon?
the siphon is the part of the clam that extends upwards for filter feeding.
name 3 cephalopods
octopuses, squids, and nautilus
how can you tell how old a clam is?
annual growth lines
what are the only molluscs that have a closed circulatory system?
cephalopods
what phylum are segmented worms?
annelida
what phylum are ribbon worms?
Nemertea
What is this?
what phylum does it belong to?
Nautilus
shell also looks like this:
cephalopods
Molluscs
what is this
pacific squid
what are the traditional ecological uses of abalone shells?
what phylum?
food delicacy, fishing lures, adornments (necklaces and nose rings)
phylum mollusca
what are the traditional ecological uses of spot prawns?
what phylum?
food and ceremonial uses
phylum arthropod
what are the traditional ecological uses of sea cucumbers?
phylum?
food: ate raw or cooked.
caught with a stick and nail
phylum echinoderm
what are the traditional ecological uses of sea urchin
what phylum?
gathered by hand a Lowe tide.
set/spear in shallow
“sea eggs”
phylum echinoderm
what are the traditional ecological uses of chiton?
what phylum?
low tide harvesting.
eaten raw.
roasted on fire
or boiled
phylum: mollusca
what are the traditional ecological uses of gooseneck barnacle?
phylum?
low tide food. harvested using stick roasted beside fire steamed in pit boiled
phylum: arthropod
what are the traditional ecological uses of muscles?
phylum?
cooked food on hot coals
harvested late summer / fall/ winter
phylum: Mollusca
what two phylums do ecdysis occur in?
nemotoda and arthropoda
what is the straight that connects the Salish sea to the Pacific Ocean?
Juan de fuca
what kind of sea plant is a flowering plant. but is not a seaweed and additionally provides a nursery for many fishes?
eel grass
animals in the ____ habitats are adapted to burrow
benthic
what kind of habitats to animals that are adapted to withstand crashing waves and and exposure to elements have?
intertidal
what kind of a habitat does a plate limpet have?
rocky shore
what kind of habitat does a moon snail have?
sandy bay
what kind of habitat does a tiger rockfish have?
rocky shore
what kind of habitat does a bay pipefish have?
eelgrass meadow
what kind of habitat does a sand dollar have?
sandy bay
what kind of habitat does a great blue heron have?
sandy bay / eelgrass meadow
what kind of habitat does a sea otter have?
kelp forest
what kind of habitat does a sea urchin have?
kelp forest
what kind of habitat does a bay muscle have?
rocky shore
what kind of habitat does a plumose anemone have?
rocky shore
what kind of bird is this?
belted kingfisher
what’s this?
black oyster catcher
what’s this?
canada goose
what’s this?
common loon
what’s this?
double crested cormorant
what’s this?
great blue heron
what’s this?
mallard
what’s this?
northern pintail
what’s this?
american wigeon
what’s this?
bufflehead
what’s this?
goldeneye
what was the marina incident (field trip)
- eelgrass beds
- developer wanted to put in marina
- protested development in boats
- used treaty rights for permanent injunction for no marina.
- wanted to protect eelgrass because it was the habitat for the crabs and clams that they rely on.
what was the ethnobotany from our field trip?
- sea lettuce is a salt substitute
- dune grass in reef nets
- sallal leaves put into cigarettes + ocean spray + knick knick berries = halicunations
- eel grass tea
- wild onions
- yarrow= morning after pill, calming, wound poultice.
- stinging nettle for arthritis.
- ocean spray = when it blooms it looks like bundles of tiny flowers that looks like a crashing waves. Tells the seyat people that it is their time of year to start fishing.
what was the salmon ceremony?
- Limp walking
- Show of respect
- Humle selves to salmon, show them that we are a pitiful species.
- Send bones and head back into ocean head first to show respect for salmon people and to ask them to return next year.
reef net fishing (field trip)
-fibers from willows seout?
- stinging nettles can also be used
- had a hole at the top of the net so some salmon could get through
-the bottom of the net was woven with doon grass to mimick the feeling of eelgrass
‘S’ shape hole for the fish that were smart enough to find hole
Would release all other fish back into the water when the medicine man declared the last fish of the season.
clam story
- shy people avoided others.
- buried self in sand
- burried at different depths
- creator turned them into clams
- could sense them
- could see their eyes
- the different depths distinguished different clam species
bird song story
All sang the same song, was confusing. Wanted different songs
- designed competition for who would get the best song.
- crow = stayed close to the ground. He thought he would get a good song because he was ravens brother. Lesson make your own way and don’t rely on your relatives.
- robin = cheated on back of eagle. Burned belly red. Song was the prettiest but because he cheated he could only sing in the morning and at dusk. The rest of the day he had to say “lilar”
- seagul = got distracted in clouds. Song sounds like laughing. Lesson stay focused.
- eagle = touched sky. Wingtips stained white. Work hard and smart.
