Week 23 #2 Flashcards
Subtle biases
- unexamined and sometimes unconscious
- automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but real in their consequences
Stereotype Content Model
shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence
Social dominance orientation
a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and even good for maintaining order and stability
Self-categorization theory
when people categorize themselves, along with each other into groups, favouring their own group.
Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)
focuses on value conflicts but endorses respect for obedience and authority in the service of group conformity
Implicit Association Test
measures automatic biases that favour own groups relative to other groups
Sociometer model
theorizes self-esteem functions to psychologically monitor one’s degree of inclusion and exclusion in social groups
Blatant biases
conscious beliefs, feelings, and behaviours that people are perfectly willing to admit
Social loafing
The reduction of individual effort when people work in groups compared with when they work alone
Social identity theory
groups influence their members’ self-concepts and self-esteem, particularly when individuals categorize themselves as group members and identify with the group
Groupthink
A set of negative group-level processes that influence groups to make bad decisions
Prejudice
an evaluation or emotion toward people merely based on their group membership
Group polarization
The tendency for members of a deliberating group to move to a more extreme position, with the direction of the shift determined by the majority or average of the members’ preferences
Social facilitation
Improvement in task performance that occurs when people work in the presence of other people
Ostracism
the deliberate exclusion from groups
Common knowledge effect
The tendency for groups to spend more time discussing information that members know (shared information) and less time examining information that only a few members know (unshared).
The sleeper effect
Attitude change that occurs over time
Theory of planned behavior
The relationship between attitudes and behaviour is stronger in certain situations, for certain people and for certain attitudes
Group cohesion
The solidarity or unity of a group resulting from the development of strong and mutual interpersonal bonds among members and group-level forces that unify the group
Collective self-esteem
Feelings of self-worth that are based on evaluation of relationships with others and membership in social groups
