Week 12 Flashcards
audience design
- Constructing utterances (words) to suit the audience’s knowledge.
- if audiences are seen to be knowledgeable about an object, they tend to use a brief label of the object
common ground
information that is shared by people who engage in a conversation
in group
group to which a person belongs
lexicon
words and expressions
linguistic intergroup bias
A tendency for people to characterize positive things about their ingroup using more abstract expressions, but negative things about their outgroups using more abstract expression
outgroup
group to which a person does not belong
priming
a stimulus presented to a person reminds him or her about other ideas associated with the stimulus
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
The hypothesis that the language that people use determines their thoughts
Situation model
- representations about the topic of a conversation
- A mental representation of an event, object, or situation constructed at the time of comprehending a linguistic description
Social brain hypothesis
The hypothesis that the human brain has evolved, so that humans can maintain larger ingroups
Social networks
Networks of social relationships among individuals through which information can travel
Syntax
Rules by which words are strung together to form sentences
Automatic empathy
- unwittingly taking on the internal state of another person
- If your friend is sad, you will automatically realize this and adjust your body language and may even become a bit sad yourself
Folk explanations of behavior
People’s natural explanations for why somebody did something, felt something, etc
Intention
An agent’s mental state of committing to perform an action that the agent believes will bring about a desired outcome
Intentionality
- The quality of performing a behavior intentionally—that is, with skill and awareness and executing an intention
Joint attention
Two people attending to the same object and being aware that they both are attending to it
Mimicry
Copying others’ behavior, usually without awareness
Mirror neurons
Neurons identified in monkey brains that fire both when the monkey performs a certain action and when it perceives another agent performing that action
Projection
A social perceiver’s assumption that the other person wants, knows, or feels the same as the perceiver wants, know, or feels
Simulation
The process of representing the other person’s mental state
Synchrony
Two people displaying the same behaviors or having the same internal states (typically because of mutual mimicry)
Theory of mind
The human capacity to understand minds, a capacity that is made up of a collection of concepts and processes
Visual perspective taking
Can refer to visual perspective taking or more generally to effortful mental state inference (trying to infer the other person’s thoughts, desires, emotions)
