Week 21

Question 1

Antisocial

Answer 1

• A pervasive pattern of disregard and violation of the rights of others
• These behaviors may be aggressive or destructive and may involve breaking laws or rules, deceit or theft

Question 2

Avoidant

Answer 2

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Question 3

Borderline

Answer 3

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity

Question 4

Dependent

Answer 4

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation

Question 5

Five-Factor Model

Answer 5

• Five broad domains or dimensions that are used to describe human personality
• Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

Question 6

Histrionic

Answer 6

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking

Question 7

Narcissistic

Answer 7

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

Question 8

Obsessive-compulsive

Answer 8

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.

Question 9

Paranoid

Answer 9

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as evil.

Question 10

Personality

Answer 10

Characteristic, routine ways of thinking, feeling, and relating to others.

Question 11

Personality disorders

Answer 11

When personality traits result in significant distress, social impairment, and/or occupational impairment

Question 12

Schizoid

Answer 12

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings

Question 13

Schizotypal

Answer 13

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.

Question 14

Triarchic model

Answer 14

• Model formulated to reconcile alternative historic conceptions of psychopathy and differing methods for assessing it
• 3 components:
  → disinhibition
  → boldness
  → meanness
• These can be viewed as the thematic building blocks for differing conceptions of psychopathy

Question 15

Acceptance and commitment therapy

Answer 15

A therapeutic approach designed to foster nonjudgmental observation of one’s mental processes

Question 16

Automatic thoughts

Answer 16

Thoughts that occur spontaneously; often used to describe problematic thoughts that maintain mental disorders.

Question 17

Cognitive bias modification

Answer 17

Using exercises (e.g., computer games) to change problematic thinking habits

Question 18

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 18

• a family of therapeutic approaches whose goal is to alleviate psychological symptoms by changing their underlying conditions and behaviours
• a present-focused therapy (focused on the “now” rather than causes from the past) that uses behavioural goals to improve one’s mental illness
• often involves “homework”
• 12-16 weekly sessions
• it is the therapist’s job to help point out when a person has an inaccurate or maladaptive thought so that the patient can either eliminate it or modify it to be more adaptive

Question 19

Comorbidity

Answer 19

Describes a state of having more than one psychological or physical disorder at a given time

Question 20

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Answer 20

• employs mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy practices
• teaches its patients “skills” they can use to correct maladaptive tendencies
• ex) people who feel an urge to cut themselves may be taught to snap their arm with a rubber band instead

Question 21

Dialectical worldview

Answer 21

A perspective in DBT that emphasizes the joint importance of change and acceptance

Question 22

Exposure therapy

Answer 22

• a patient confronts a problematic situation and fully engages in the experience instead of avoiding it
• The goal is to reduce the fear associated with the situation through extinction learning

Question 23

Free association

Answer 23

• the patients share any and all thoughts that come to mind without attempting to organize or censor them in any way
• The analyst then uses their expertise to discern patterns or underlying meaning in the patient’s thoughts

Question 24

Integrative ​or eclectic psychotherapy​

Answer 24

approaches combining multiple orientations

Question 25

mindfullness

Answer 25

• A process that reflects a nonjudgmental, yet attentive, mental state
• draws attention away from past and future stressors, encourages acceptance of troubling thoughts and feelings and promotes physical relaxation

Question 26

Mindfulness-based therapy

Answer 26

A form of psychotherapy grounded in mindfulness theory and practice, often involving meditation, yoga, body scan, and other features of mindfulness exercises

Question 27

Person-centred therapy (PCT)

Answer 27

• A therapeutic approach focused on creating a supportive environment for self-discovery
• The therapist is present to provide a safe and encouraging environment for the person to explore these issues for themself
• The therapist only askes questions and provides no judgment or interpretation of what the patient says

Question 28

Psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 28

Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic approach focusing on resolving unconscious conflicts (id, ego, superego)

Question 29

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 29

• Treatment applying psychoanalytic principles in a briefer, more individualized format.
• stresses that mental health problems are rooted in unconscious conflicts and desires

Question 30

Reappraisal, or ​Cognitive restructuring

Answer 30

The process of identifying, evaluating, and changing maladaptive thoughts in psychotherapy

Question 31

Schema

Answer 31

A mental representation or set of beliefs about something

Question 32

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 32

In person-centred therapy, an attitude of warmth, empathy and acceptance is adopted by the therapist in order to foster feelings of inherent worth in the patient