Week 20

Question 1

Anhedonia

Answer 1

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities one previously found enjoyable or rewarding

Question 2

Attributional style

Answer 2

The tendency by which a person infers the cause or meaning of behaviors or events

Question 3

Chronic stress

Answer 3

Discrete or related problematic events and conditions which persist over time and result in prolonged activation of the biological and/or psychological stress response

Question 4

Early adversity

Answer 4

Single or multiple acute or chronic stressful events, which may be biological or psychological in nature occurring during childhood and resulting in a biological and/or psychological stress response

Question 5

Grandiosity

Answer 5

Inflated self-esteem or an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-worth

Question 6

Hypersomnia

Answer 6

Excessive daytime sleepiness, including difficulty staying awake or napping, or prolonged sleep episodes

Question 7

Psychomotor agitation

Answer 7

Increased motor activity associated with restlessness, including physical actions

Question 8

Psychomotor retardation

Answer 8

A slowing of physical activities in which routine activities (e.g., eating, brushing teeth) are performed in an unusually slow manner

Question 9

Social zeitgeber

Answer 9

• Zeitgeber is German for “time giver.”
• Social zeitgebers are environmental cues, such as meal times and interactions with other people, that entrain biological rhythms and thus sleep-wake cycle regularity

Question 10

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 10

A person’s economic and social position based on income, education, and occupation

Question 11

Suicidal ideation

Answer 11

Recurring thoughts about suicide, including considering or planning for suicide, or preoccupation with suicide

Question 12

Alogia

Answer 12

A reduction in the amount of speech and/or increased pausing before the initiation of speech

Question 13

amotivation

Answer 13

A reduction in the drive or ability to take the steps or engage in actions necessary to obtain the potentially positive outcome

Question 14

Catatonia

Answer 14

• Behaviors that seem to reflect a reduction in responsiveness to the external environment
• This can include holding unusual postures for long periods of time, failing to respond to verbal or motor prompts from another person, or excessive and seemingly purposeless motor activity

Question 15

Diagnostic criteria

Answer 15

The specific criteria used to determine whether an individual has a specific type of psychiatric disorder (DSM-5)

Question 16

Disorganized behavior

Answer 16

Behaviour or dress that is outside the norm for almost all subcultures (this would include odd dress, odd makeup or unusual rituals)

Question 17

Disorganized speech

Answer 17

Speech that is difficult to follow, either because answers do not clearly follow questions or because one sentence does not logically follow from another

Question 18

Dopamine

Answer 18

A neurotransmitter in the brain that is thought to play an important role in regulating the function of other neurotransmitters

Question 19

Episodic memory

Answer 19

The ability to learn and retrieve new information or episodes in one’s life

Question 20

Flat affect

Answer 20

A reduction in the display of emotions through facial expressions, gestures, and speech intonation

Question 21

Functional capacity

Answer 21

The ability to engage in self-care (cook, clean, bathe), work, attend school, and/or engage in social relationships

Question 22

Hallucinations

Answer 22

Perceptual experiences that occur even when there is no stimulus in the outside world generating the experiences (They can be auditory, visual, olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), or somatic (touch)

Question 23

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 23

A set of techniques that uses strong magnets to measure either the structure of the brain, or how the brain functions when a person performs cognitive tasks (e.g., working memory or episodic memory) or other types of tasks

Question 24

Neurodevelopmental

Answer 24

Processes that influence how the brain develops either in utero or as the child is growing up

Question 25

Positron emission tomography

Answer 25

A technique that uses radio-labelled ligands to measure the distribution of different neurotransmitter receptors in the brain or to measure how much of a certain type of neurotransmitter is released when a person is given a specific type of drug or does a particularly cognitive task

Question 26

processing speed

Answer 26

The speed with which an individual can perceive auditory or visual information and respond to it

Question 27

Psychopathology

Answer 27

Illnesses or disorders that involve psychological or psychiatric symptoms

Question 28

Working memory

Answer 28

The ability to maintain information over a short period of time, such as 30 seconds or less

Question 29

Treatment of Schizophrenia

Answer 29

• antipsychotic medications
• Typical antipsychotic medications: drugs that all share a common feature of being a strong block of the D2-type dopamine receptor
• Atypical antipsychotics: newer drugs and have more mixed mechanisms of action in terms of the receptor types that they influence

Question 30

persecutory delusions

Answer 30

the belief that ideals or groups are trying to hurt, harm or plot against the person in some way

Question 31

grandiose delusions

Answer 31

where the person believes that they have some special power or ability

Question 32

Referential delusions

Answer 32

• where the person believes that events or objects in the environment have special meaning for them
• ex) that song on the radio is being played specifically for me

Question 33

Major depressive episode

Answer 33

• 2+ weeks
• Interfere with daily functioning
• Core symptom: depressed mood AND/OR anhedonia

Question 34

Mania vs Hypomania

Answer 34

Mania:
- 1+ wk
- Causes major impairments to daily functioning
- delusions, hallucinations
- may need hospitalization

Hypomania:
- days+
- Does not cause major impairment, hospitalization, or psychotic features