Week 22 #1 Flashcards
Agreeableness
- A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to be compassionate, cooperative, warm, and caring to others
- opposite: antagonism
Conscientiousness
- A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to be careful, organized, hardworking, and to follow rules
- opposite: Disinhibition
Continuous distributions
The idea that one does not simply have the trait or not have it but can possess varying amounts of it.
Extraversion
- A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to be sociable, outgoing, active, and assertive.
- opposite: introversion
Facets
when broad personality traits can be broken down into narrower aspects of the trait
Factor analysis
A statistical technique for grouping similar things together according to how highly they are associated
HEXACO model
- includes six traits, five of which are variants of the traits included in the Big Five
- Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness and Honesty-Humility
Five-Factor Model
- Five broad domains or dimensions that are used to describe human personality
- Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism
Independent
Two characteristics or traits are separate from one another
Lexical hypothesis
the idea that the most important differences between people will be encoded in the language that we use to describe people
Neuroticism
- A personality trait that reflects the tendency to be interpersonally sensitive and the tendency to experience negative emotions like anxiety, fear, sadness, and anger.
- opposite: emotional stability
Openness to Experience
- A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to seek out and appreciate new things, including thoughts, feelings, values, and experiences
- opposite: closedness/conventionality
Person-situation debate
a historical debate about the relative power of personality traits as compared to situational influences on behavior
Personality traits
- reflect basic dimensions on which people differ
- Each individual falls somewhere on each dimension of a personality trait which means they could be low, medium or high on any specific trait
Absolute stability
Consistency in the level or amount of a personality attribute over time
Active person–environment transactions
The interplay between individuals and their contextual circumstances that occurs whenever individuals play a key role in seeking out, selecting, or otherwise manipulating aspects of their environment
Age effects
Differences in personality between groups of different ages that are related to maturation and development instead of birth cohort differences
Attrition
connection between personality attributes and aspects of the environment that occurs because individuals with particular traits drop out from certain environments
Birth cohort
Individuals born in a particular year or span of time
Cohort effects
Differences in personality that are related to historical and social factors unique to individuals born in a particular year
Cross-sectional study/design
A research design that uses a group of individuals with different ages (and birth cohorts) assessed at a single point in time
Differential stability
Consistency in the rank-ordering of personality across two or more measurement occasions
Evocative person-environment transactions
The interplay between individuals and their contextual circumstances that occurs whenever attributes of the individual draw out particular responses from others in their environment
