Week 2 - Wet room

Question 1

what are the bones which form the bridge of the nose?

Answer 1

nasal bone
frontal process of maxilla
nasal part of frontal bone

Question 2

what are the functions of the nose?

Answer 2

olfaction (smell)
humidification of air 
respiration 
filtration of dust 
reception and elimination of secretions from nasal mucosa, paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

Question 3

what bones make up the nasal septum?

Answer 3

perpendicular plates of ethmoid bone (superior)

vomer (inferior)

Question 4

in a coronal section what space is found above the superior meatus?

Answer 4

frontal air sinus

Question 5

where is the sphenoid sinus located?

Answer 5

superior to the superior turbinate

Question 6

what bones form the floor of the nose?

Answer 6

the palatine process of maxilla and the palatine bone

Question 7

what forms the roof of the nose?

Answer 7

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and frontal bone

Question 8

what extends the floor of the nose posteriorly after the palatine bone and maxilla ?

Answer 8

the soft palate

Question 9

what passes through the cribriform plate?

Answer 9

olfactory nerve

Question 10

what attaches to the crista gali?

Answer 10

falx cerebri (fold of dura matter)

Question 11

what type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
(respiratory epithelium)

Question 12

what type of mucosa lines the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

olfactory mucosa

Question 13

what bones are the superior, middle and inferior conchae apart of?

Answer 13

superior and middle - ethmoid

inferior concha is a bone of its own

Question 14

where is the olfactory bulb located?

Answer 14

the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

this is where the olfactory branches are given out and go through the plate to innervate the nose

Question 15

what type of mucosa and epithelium lines the paranasal sinus?

Answer 15

respiratory mucosa

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells - continuous with that lining the nasal cavity

Question 16

what is the clinical significance of the paranasal air sinuses being lined with respiratory mucosa?

Answer 16

during upper respiratory tract infections and allergic reactions, this will easily spread to the air sinuses causing them to become swollen and inflamed readily due to its high vasculature and glandular nature
this will drainage into the nasal cavity which will cause pain

Question 17

what recess opens onto the sphenoid meatus?

Answer 17

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 18

which sinus doesn’t drain as well and why?

Answer 18

maxillary sinus because its opening is not at its most inferior part therefore secretions don’t drain well

Question 19

which nerve innervates the air sinuses?

Answer 19

trigeminal nerve
frontal - ophthalmic 
ethmoid - ophthalmic
sphenoid - ophthalmic and maxillary
maxillary - maxillary

Question 20

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 20

nasopharynx
oropharynx
hypo pharynx

Question 21

what blocks passage from nasopharynx and oropharynx?

Answer 21

soft palate

Question 22

what forms the roof of the nasopharynx?

Answer 22

sphenoid bone

Question 23

what is found at the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx?

Answer 23

collection of lymphoid tissue known as naso associated lymphoid tissue NALT / adenoid pad

Question 24

where does the eustachian tube lie?

Answer 24

lies in the side wall of the nasopharynx at the level of the floor of the nose

Question 25

why does otitis media commonly complicate throat infections?

Answer 25

the eustachian tube provides a ready pathway for spread of infection (sepsis) from the throat to the middle ear