Week 1 - Wet room 2 - The Scalp

Question 1

what are the lines on the occipital bone called?

Answer 1

nuchal lines

Question 2

what are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 2

Skin 
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis (formed from occipitofrontalis muscle - epicranial aponeurosis)
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

Question 3

what is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 3

Muscle of facial expression

Contraction of the anterior belly causes frowning

Question 4

what is the nerve innervation of the anterior scalp?

Answer 4

trigeminal nerve - CN V

supplied by all 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 5

what are the branches of the Cr.N.V?

Answer 5

Opthalmic - V1
Maxillary - V2
Mandibular - V3

Question 6

what is the nerve supply of the posterior scalp?

Answer 6

Cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3

both anterior and posterior rami

Question 7

in which layers of the scalp is there blood vessels present?

Answer 7

skin

dense connective tissue

Question 8

why is there profuse bleeding if there is a laceration to the scalp?

Answer 8

a laceration to the scalp causes the dense connective tissue to retract which prevents vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Question 9

what is the arterial supply of the scalp and what artery are these branches of?

Answer 9

supratrochlear 
supraorbital 
superficial temporal artery
posterior auricular artery
occipital artery
all branches of ECA

Question 10

what are 2 main branches of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 10

supratrochlear artery

supra-orbital artery

Question 11

from which artery is the blood supply of the scalp originate from?

Answer 11

external carotid artery

Question 12

what is the venous drainage of the face and scalp?

Answer 12

superficial temporal vein
supratrochlear and supraorbital veins which unite and form the angular vein then the facial vein
These veins all drain into the external jugular vein then into subclavian vein

Question 13

the anterior jugular vein drains into what vein?

Answer 13

the external JV

Question 14

what is the name of the valvless veins and what does it connect?

Answer 14

• emissary veins

connects the superficial veins to the diploic veins in the skull bones through to the venous sinuses of the brain

Question 15

what is the lymphatic drainage of the scalp ?

Answer 15

there is no lymph nodes of the scalp.

lymph drains away from the scalp into lymph nodes of the head and neck called the superficial ring of lymph node

Question 16

what allows free movement of the first 3 layers of the scalp?

Answer 16

the loos connective tissue layer

Question 17

what is the pericranium attached to and how?

Answer 17

firmly attached to the skull bones by fibrous tissue fibres called Sharpey’s fibres

Question 18

what are the 2 terminal branches of the ECA?

Answer 18

maxillary

superficial temporal