Week 1 - Dry room 5 -7 - Neck

Question 1

what are the 4 compartments of the horizontal section of the neck?

Answer 1

deep fascia - musculoafascial collar
vertebral
vascular (carotid sheath)
visceral (pre tracheal)

Question 2

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

7

Question 3

what type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint and what are its movements?

Answer 3

synovial condyloid

flexion and extension of the head

Question 4

what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint and what are its movements?

Answer 4

synovial pivot

rotation of the head

Question 5

where is the vertebral prominence found?

Answer 5

C7

Question 6

what divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?

Answer 6

the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 7

name 3 muscles which are part of the posterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 7

anteriorly - sternocleidomastoid
posteriorly - trapezius
inferiorly - inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Question 8

what are 4 muscles which form the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 8

anteriorly - digastric anterior belly
superiorly - digastric posterior blly
inferiorly - superior belly of omohyoid
posteriorly - sternocleidomastoid

Question 9

what cranial nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle?

Answer 9

cranial nerve XI

spinal accessory nerve

Question 10

what structures are within the carotid sheath?

Answer 10

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

Question 11

at what point does the common carotid artery bifurcate into internal and external carotid arteries?

Answer 11

levels of the superior border of thyroid cartilage - C4

Question 12

which of the 2 carotid arteries (ICA/ ECA) is more lateral?

Answer 12

internal carotid artery lies more lateral to the external carotid artery

Question 13

what are the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 13

superficial temporal artery

maxillary artery

Question 14

where does the internal jugular vein arise and emerge from?

Answer 14

arises from the jugular venous sins and emerges from the jugular foramen

Question 15

does the extnerla jugular vein lie superficial or deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 15

superficial

Question 16

where does the phrenic nerve arise from?

Answer 16

the cervical plexus (C3,4,5)

Question 17

what are the infrahyoid muscles of the neck and their nerve supply?

Answer 17

sternohyoid - C1-C3
sternothyoid - C2-C3
thyrohyoid - C1
omohyoid - C1-C3

Question 18

what are the main prominences of the hyoid bone?

Answer 18

greater horns
lesser horns
body

Question 19

what are the muscles / set of muscles attached to the hyoid bone?

Answer 19

suprahyoid muscles
infrahyoid muscles
middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
hyoglossus muscle

Question 20

what are the suprahyoid muscles and their nerve supply?

Answer 20

mylohyoid - mandibular nerve
genohyoid - C1 via hypoglossal nerve
digastric - trigeminal nerve CN V3 and facial nerve CN VII
stylohyoid - facial nerve CN VII

Question 21

what is C1-C3 collectively known as which supply most of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 21

ansa cervicalis

Question 22

what type of nerve plexus is the cervical nerve plexus?

Answer 22

somatic

Question 23

what are the root values of the cervical plexus?

Answer 23

C1-C4

Question 24

between which 2 muscles does the cervical plexus emerge?

Answer 24

medial/middle scalene and levator scapulae

middle scalene lies directly inferior of the ear and elevator scapulae behind the scalene

Question 25

what motor nerve emerges from the cervical plexus?

Answer 25

phrenic nerve

Question 26

what is the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 26

loop of nerves C1-C3 from the cervical plexus which lie superficial to the IJV in the carotid triangle

Question 27

the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of what nerve?

Answer 27

vagus nerve

Question 28

where does the external carotid artery give off its terminal branches?

Answer 28

within the parotid gland

Question 29

where does the internal jugular lie in relation to the common carotid artery?

Answer 29

IJV lies anteriolaterally to the CCA behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 30

why is a central line inserted into the right side and not the left?

Answer 30

risk of perforating the heart
right side has a high pleural arch so greater risk of pneumothorax
the left has a more straight route into the subclavian compared to the right
the thoracic duct enters the venous system a t the internal jugular or subclavian so risk of damaging it