Week 1 - Dry room 5 -7 - Neck Flashcards
what are the 4 compartments of the horizontal section of the neck?
deep fascia - musculoafascial collar
vertebral
vascular (carotid sheath)
visceral (pre tracheal)
how many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
what type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint and what are its movements?
synovial condyloid
flexion and extension of the head
what type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint and what are its movements?
synovial pivot
rotation of the head
where is the vertebral prominence found?
C7
what divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?
the sternocleidomastoid muscle
name 3 muscles which are part of the posterior triangle of the neck.
anteriorly - sternocleidomastoid
posteriorly - trapezius
inferiorly - inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
what are 4 muscles which form the anterior triangle of the neck?
anteriorly - digastric anterior belly
superiorly - digastric posterior blly
inferiorly - superior belly of omohyoid
posteriorly - sternocleidomastoid
what cranial nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle?
cranial nerve XI
spinal accessory nerve
what structures are within the carotid sheath?
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
at what point does the common carotid artery bifurcate into internal and external carotid arteries?
levels of the superior border of thyroid cartilage - C4
which of the 2 carotid arteries (ICA/ ECA) is more lateral?
internal carotid artery lies more lateral to the external carotid artery
what are the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery?
superficial temporal artery
maxillary artery
where does the internal jugular vein arise and emerge from?
arises from the jugular venous sins and emerges from the jugular foramen
does the extnerla jugular vein lie superficial or deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
superficial
where does the phrenic nerve arise from?
the cervical plexus (C3,4,5)
what are the infrahyoid muscles of the neck and their nerve supply?
sternohyoid - C1-C3
sternothyoid - C2-C3
thyrohyoid - C1
omohyoid - C1-C3
what are the main prominences of the hyoid bone?
greater horns
lesser horns
body
what are the muscles / set of muscles attached to the hyoid bone?
suprahyoid muscles
infrahyoid muscles
middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
hyoglossus muscle
what are the suprahyoid muscles and their nerve supply?
mylohyoid - mandibular nerve
genohyoid - C1 via hypoglossal nerve
digastric - trigeminal nerve CN V3 and facial nerve CN VII
stylohyoid - facial nerve CN VII
what is C1-C3 collectively known as which supply most of the infrahyoid muscles?
ansa cervicalis
what type of nerve plexus is the cervical nerve plexus?
somatic
what are the root values of the cervical plexus?
C1-C4
between which 2 muscles does the cervical plexus emerge?
medial/middle scalene and levator scapulae
middle scalene lies directly inferior of the ear and elevator scapulae behind the scalene
what motor nerve emerges from the cervical plexus?
phrenic nerve
what is the ansa cervicalis?
loop of nerves C1-C3 from the cervical plexus which lie superficial to the IJV in the carotid triangle
the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of what nerve?
vagus nerve
where does the external carotid artery give off its terminal branches?
within the parotid gland
where does the internal jugular lie in relation to the common carotid artery?
IJV lies anteriolaterally to the CCA behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle
why is a central line inserted into the right side and not the left?
risk of perforating the heart
right side has a high pleural arch so greater risk of pneumothorax
the left has a more straight route into the subclavian compared to the right
the thoracic duct enters the venous system a t the internal jugular or subclavian so risk of damaging it
