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CSB531 > Week 2 - Terminology > Flashcards

Week 2 - Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Radiolucent

A

X-ray see through (black on the image)

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2
Q

Radio-opaque

A

X-ray blocked

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3
Q

Latent image

A

Image on the receptor yet to be processed to visualise

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4
Q

Anechoic

A

Black - anything fluid filled

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5
Q

Hypechoic

A

Dark
Timor, lymph node

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6
Q

Hyperechoic

A

Bright
Fat tissue, stone

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7
Q

Projection

A

The path the X-ray travel from the tube through the subject to the image receptor

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8
Q

Positioning

A

The part of the body closes to the image receptor usually used for obliques

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9
Q

View

A

Refers to the image only, not the patient position or path of the beam which resulted in the image

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10
Q

Lateromedial lateral
Position? Projection? View?

A

Position - medial
Projection - medial to lateral
View - lateral

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11
Q

Mediolateral lateral
Projection? Position? View?

A

Projection - medial to lateral
Position - lateral
View - lateral

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12
Q

Ap

A

Anterio-posterior

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13
Q

PA

A

Posterior-anterior

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14
Q

DP

A

Dorsi-plantar

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15
Q

#

A

fracture

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16
Q

OBL

A

Oblique

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17
Q

MY

A

Metatarsal

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18
Q

What must imaging referrals contain

A

Patient details:
- Name
- DOB
- Adress
- Clinical request - region
- Hidtory

Referrer Details
- provider number
- practice address
- signature
- date of referral

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19
Q

Angle of gait

A

The angle formed between the feet and the line of progression while walking

Approx: 10 to 15 degrees in an average individual

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20
Q

Base of gait

A

Distance between both medial malleoli while walking

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21
Q

What does weight bearing show

A

Positional relationships of anatomy while subjected to the stress of body weight

22
Q

What stance is base of gait performed in

23
Q

When shouldn’t weight bearing and base of gait be chosen

A
  • Trauma cases
  • non-ambulatory patients
  • patient with acute pain or recent surgery
  • unsteady patients
24
Q

What are Routine projections

A

Form the departments general protocol for normal circumstances

25
Complementary projections
Extra views which may be utilised when specific anatomy needs to be demonstrated
26
Alternative projections
Done instead of routine as they show much the same thing, but in a specific way
27
Routine projections
DP OBI +/- lateral
28
Alternative
PD LATERAL (LATEROMEDIAL) DP LATERAL MEDIAL OBI DP LATERAL
29
Complementary
Lateral obi Lateral obi - WB
30
Clinical history Qs
1. What is the problem -acute or chronic 2. Has there been any trauma - if so - when?, - mechanism of injury 3. Has the patient had any significant medical history that might impact what images are taken - possible pregnancy - current ulcer/wound/known pathogen - dementia - inability to weightbear or instability on weight bearing 4. What is your initial diagnosis 5 what projections will best confirm or rule out the condition? 6. Is there any previous imagine - if there is - is it relevant?
31
Projections and anatomy demonstrated for toes - routine
DP Medial oblique Lateral (on request)
32
Lateral toe (additional) - imaging options
WB MEDIOLATERAL LATERAL LATEROMEDIAL LATERAL
33
Toes (complementary) - sesamoids
Supine (Holly method) Prone (Lewis method)
34
Routine foot X-rays
DP - shows outlines of phalanges, metatarsals and tarsals DP MEDIAL OBLIQUE - rolled in - medial side closest to receptor - creates less overlapping of tarsal bones
35
Foot +/- lateral
May be excluded from routine series (only performed if truama or foreign body are detected) - may include all the ankle joint - shows subtler and proximal tarsal joints
36
Foot COMPLEMENTARY X-ray
Lateral oblique - improved separation of the 1st and 2nd MY - shows medial cuneiform ! Navicular and seasmoids
37
Foot (alternative)
Plantar Doris - patient prone - no angular ion used - good for lisfranc
38
Foot (alternative)
DP WB
39
WB compared to non-WB
WB - see compression of foot and the Mets lay flatter in WB
40
Calcaneus - projections and anatomy demonstrated
Lateral - Mediolateral, Bilateral for spurs: shows anterior articulations and sinus tarsi, position as for lateral foot Axial - plantodorsal, Patient supine, toes pulled back: shows trochlear and lateral process, sustenaculum tali, calcaneocuboid joint and tuberosity, good fr visualising # displacement and shape abnormalities
41
Calcaneus (Complementary)
Harris Beath - for assessment of talocalcaneal facet joints, sometimes known as the ski-jump position Allows visualisation of the posterior facet of the subtalar joint and the varus/valgus rotation
42
Subtalar joints (Routine)
Medial oblique ankle - shows posterior subtalar joint and sinus tarsi Lateral oblique ankle - posterior subtalar joint and tibiofibular syndesmosis
43
Sub-talar joints (alternative)
Broden method - demonstrates posterior subtalar joints
44
Subtalar joints (complimentary)
Modified Anthonsens (Subinferior Oblique) - over-rotated lateral position - 20 degrees caudal tube angulation - middle and posterior facets - sinus tarsi
45
Ankle - routine projections
AP ankle - entire ankle joint and both malleoli in profile Medial Oblique - toes rotated from oblique, show distal tib/fib joint, talar dome and inferior fibulotalar joint Lateral - shows AP dimensions od tibiotalar joint, pre-Achilles fat pad, talar dome
46
Ankle joint (alternative - specifically requested)
AP and lateral (lateromedial WB) - difficult to assess if intrinsic foot problems, metatarsal adductus supinated or pronated stance positions
47
Ankle joint - complementary
AP forced inversion and eversion - may be done for comparison (joint stability or instability) - if ligaments are ruptured or stretch there will be an increase in the space when inv and ever stress is applied
48
tibia/fibular - projection
AP Lateral
49
Knee projection routine
AP Lateral
50
Knee - complimentary
Weightbearing bilateral knees to compare
51

CSB531 (24 decks)

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